ANALISIS FIKIH MUNAKAHAT TERHADAP HAK REPRODUKSI ISTRI DALAM MEMILIH CHILDFREE: STUDI PEMIKIRAN SITI MUSDAH MULIA

Zidny Fahman, Khoirul Asfiyak, Shofiatul Jannah

Abstract


The growing discourse on childfree has generated significant debate within contemporary Islamic family law, particularly regarding women's reproductive rights in marriage. While modern human rights perspectives emphasize women's bodily autonomy and reproductive freedom, Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh munakahat) conceptualizes reproductive rights within the framework of reciprocal rights and obligations between spouses. This study aims to analyze women's reproductive rights in choosing a childfree lifestyle through the perspective of fiqh munakahat by critically examining the thoughts of Siti Musdah Mulia. This research employs normative legal research using conceptual, figure, and comparative approaches. Primary data were obtained from the works of Siti Musdah Mulia, the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature, while secondary data were collected from scholarly books and recent journal articles. The data were analyzed using content analysis and interpretative legal analysis. The findings reveal that Siti Musdah Mulia conceptualizes reproductive rights as an integral part of women's human rights, emphasizing equality, bodily autonomy, and shared decision-making between spouses regarding reproduction. However, from the perspective of fiqh munakahat, reproductive rights cannot be understood as an absolute individual right. Instead, they constitute relational rights arising from the marital contract (mīthāqan ghalīẓan), which must be exercised through mutual consultation (shūrā), justice, reciprocity (mubādalah), and the realization of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, particularly the protection of progeny (ḥifẓ al-nasl). Accordingly, a childfree decision may be ethically justified within Islamic family law only when it is mutually agreed upon by both spouses, grounded in legitimate considerations of public interest (maṣlaḥah), and consistent with the objectives of marriage in Islam. This study proposes the concept of Relational Reproductive Rights as a new theoretical framework in fiqh munakahat, positioning reproductive rights as shared marital rights rather than exclusive individual rights. This framework helps bridge contemporary human rights discourse and the normative principles of Islamic family law, offering a more balanced approach to reproductive decision-making within Muslim families.

 

Keywords: childfree; reproductive rights; fiqh munakahat; Siti Musdah Mulia; Islamic family law.


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