ANALISIS TERMODINAMIKA PEMBAKARAN PADA CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR BATUBARA SUB-BITUMINOUS DENGAN LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT

Deaz Rangga Abi Sukma, Faruq Alhikami, Cepi Yazirin

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik termodinamika pembakaran campuran batubara sub-bituminous dengan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (EFB) menggunakan metode thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Sampel yang digunakan terdiri dari batubara murni (COAL 100%), campuran EFB 20%, dan EFB 40%. Analisis dilakukan terhadap parameter degradasi massa, perubahan Free Gibbs Energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), dan entropy (ΔS) pada masing-masing tahap degradasi thermal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa campuran EFB 20% memiliki tingkat kehilangan massa tertinggi, mengindikasikan kemudahan degradasi thermal yang lebih baik. Penambahan EFB menyebabkan peningkatan ΔG pada tahap awal pembakaran, namun pada tahap kedua justru menurun drastis, menandakan reaksi yang lebih spontan. Nilai ΔH tertinggi terjadi pada tahap awal pembakaran EFB, sedangkan pada tahap kedua terjadi penurunan tajam yang mencerminkan efisiensi reaksi. Seluruh nilai ΔS tercatat negatif, menunjukkan arah reaksi menuju keteraturan, dengan batubara murni memiliki nilai ΔS paling negatif di tahap awal. Penambahan EFB ke dalam batubara meningkatkan variasi tahap degradasi dan efisiensi thermal, namun memerlukan perhatian khusus pada tahap akhir pembakaran karena keberadaan sisa karbon kompleks.

This study aims to analyze the thermodynamic characteristics of the combustion of a mixture of sub-bituminous coal with oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. The samples used consisted of pure coal (COAL 100%), a mixture of 20% EFB, and 40% EFB. Analysis was carried out on the mass degradation parameters, Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) at each stage of thermal degradation. The results showed that the 20% EFB mixture had the highest mass loss rate, indicating better thermal degradation ease. The addition of EFB caused an increase in ΔG in the initial stage of combustion, but in the second stage it decreased drastically, indicating a more spontaneous reaction. The highest ΔH value occurred in the initial stage of EFB combustion, while in the second stage there was a sharp decrease reflecting the reaction efficiency. All ΔS values were recorded as negative, indicating the direction of the reaction towards order, with pure coal having the most negative ΔS value in the initial stage. The addition of EFB to coal increases the variation of degradation stages and thermal efficiency, but requires special attention in the final stages of combustion due to the presence of complex carbon residues.



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