Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformatif Dan Kapabilitas Inovasi Terhadap Keberlanjutan Usaha, Gender Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. (Studi Kasus UMKM Keripik Tempe Sanan Kota Malang)

Abstract

Abstract

This study examines the effects of transformational leadership and innovation capability on business sustainability and investigates the moderating role of gender among traditional culinary SMEs in Sanan, Malang City. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV), the study employed a quantitative explanatory survey involving 90 production employees from 18 SMEs, selected using a census sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4, complemented by the Measurement Invariance of Composite Models (MICOM) and Partial Least Squares Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) to evaluate gender differences. The structural model demonstrated substantial predictive power (R² = 0.791). The findings revealed that transformational leadership (β = 0.193; p = 0.001) and innovation capability (β = 0.759; p < 0.001) positively and significantly affect business sustainability, with innovation capability representing the strongest determinant. Furthermore, gender did not moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and business sustainability (β = 0.020; p = 0.726), whereas gender significantly moderated the relationship between innovation capability and business sustainability (β = 0.233; p < 0.001). The PLS-MGA results indicate no significant differences in the direct effects of transformational leadership and innovation capability between male and female groups, although the moderating effect of gender on innovation capability differed significantly across groups. These findings reinforce the RBV perspective by highlighting innovation capability as a strategic intangible resource supporting SME sustainability while demonstrating that gender primarily influences the effectiveness of innovation-based sustainability strategies.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Innovation Capability, Business Sustainability, Gender, Traditional Culinary SMEs, SEM-PLS.`