Efek Daya Hambat Kombinasi Ekstrak Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) dengan Antibiotik Amoksisilin, Kloramfenikol dan Kotrimoksazol terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotics are the drugs most commonly used in therapy, since infections are among the ten most common diseases. However, antibiotics also contribute significantly to the development of resistance, which makes treatment more difficult. The effort to overcome this is by combining antibiotics with herb such as meniran. The purpose of this study is to determine the changes of Zone of Inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of amoxicillin (AMX), chloramphenicol (CHL), and co-trimoxazole (CTX) after combination with meniran.

Methods: This study was an in vitro laboratory experiments. ZOI was tested by modified AZDAST method using wells instead of disk and was interpreted by measuring the diameter of the open area around the well. MIC was tested by the macrodilution method using a test tube containing antibiotics, extract, nutrient broth and bacteria. Interpret the results by comparing the clearness and presence of sediments. MBC is a continuation of KHM by examining the bacterial growth of each dilution on an agar medium.

Results: The combination of meniran with AMX, CHL and CTX in the ZOI test for E.coli increased significantly compared to the single test, as well as S.aureus for CHL and CTX. The FICI combined meniran with CHL and CTX against both bacteria, which resulted in an additive interaction. Meniran with AMX against E.coli is antagonistic while in S.aureus it is synergistic. The results of FBCI values of meniran with AMX and CTX in S.aureus were synergistic and the combination of meniran with CHL against E.coli was additive.

Conclusion: Loading with AMX against E.coli in different tests provides synergistic and antagonistic results. The combination of meniran with CHL and CTX against S.aureus and CHL with meniran of E.coli is bactericidal, but in other combinations it can not be evaluated due to MBC results outside the test dose.