EFEKTIVITAS TANAMAN AIR FROGBIT (Hydrocharis sp.) TERHADAP REMEDIASI LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (Pb)

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Pollution of waters by heavy metals is a serious environmental problem because it can reduce water quality and threaten the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. One of the heavy metals that is toxic and often found in industrial, construction, and domestic waste, as well as mining is lead (Pb). The entry of lead into the aquatic environment, either directly or indirectly due to human activities, has the potential to cause adverse ecological impacts, especially in industrial areas and settlements along river flows. Long-term exposure to lead is known to interfere with the growth and survival of aquatic organisms. This study aims to examine the ability of frogbit aquatic plants (Hydrocharis sp.) to absorb lead heavy metals (Pb), evaluate their effectiveness on growth parameters (plant wet weight and leaf surface area), and analyze plant response to abiotic factors of plant media as control variables. The research method used in this study came from field analysis and lead concentration AAS test. This research method is a Group Random Design (RAK) with four lead concentration treatments, namely control (0ppm), 0.43 ppm, 2.43 ppm, and 4.43 ppm, each repeated as many times. The observed parameters included the wet weight of the plant, the leaf surface area, the concentration of lead absorption (Pb) in the roots, and abiotic factors (pH, temperature, and DO). The results showed that frogbit aquatic plants (Hydrocharis sp.) have the potential to absorb heavy metals at a concentration of 0.43 ppm of 0.269 mg/L with an increase in plant weight of 115.24 g. Meanwhile, the leaf surface area did not differ significantly (p-value>0.05). The temperature abiotic factor in the plant media of Hydrocharis sp. has a positive effect on the weight of the plant. Meanwhile, DO and pH have a negative effect on plant weight and surface area.

Keywords: Lead (Pb), Frogbit, Effectiveness, Growth, and Abiotic Factors

ABSTRAK

Pencemaran perairan oleh logam berat merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang serius karena dapat menurunkan kualitas air dan mengancam keberlangsungan ekosistem akuatik. Salah satu logam berat yang bersifat toksik dan sering dijumpai dalam limbah industri, konstruksi bangunan, dan domestik, serta pertambangan adalah timbal (Pb). Masuknya timbal ke dalam lingkungan perairan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung akibat aktivitas manusia berpotensi menimbulkan dampak ekologis yang merugikan terutama di Kawasan industri dan permukiman di sepanjang aliran sungai. Paparan timbal dalam jangka Panjang diketahui dapat menganggu pertumbuhan serta kelangsungan hidup organisme perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan tanaman air frogbit (Hydrocharis sp.) dalam menyerap logam berat timbal (Pb), mengevaluasi efektivitasnya terhadap parameter pertumbuhan (bobot basah tanaman dan luas permukaan daun), serta menganalisis respon tanaman terhadap faktor abiotik media tanamanan sebagai variabel kontrol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari analisis secara lapang dan uji AAS konsentrasi timbal. Metode penelitian ini merupakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat perlakuan konsentrasi timbal, yaitu kontrol (0ppm), 0,43 ppm, 2,43 ppm, dan 4,43 ppm, masing-masing diulang sebanyak enak kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi bobot basah tanaman, luas permukaan daun, konsentrasi serapan timbal (Pb) di bagian akar, dan faktor abiotik (pH, suhu, dan DO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanaman air frogbit (Hydrocharis sp.) berpotensi menyerap logam berat pada konsentrasi 0,43 ppm sebesar 0,269 mg/L dengan pertambahan bobot tanaman 115,24 g. Sedangkan luas permukaan daun tidak berbeda signifikan (p-value>0,05). Faktor abiotik suhu pada media tanaman Hydrocharis sp. berpengaruh positif terhadap bobot tanaman. Sedangkan DO dan pH berpengaruh negatif terhadap bobot tanaman dan luas permukaan.

Kata Kunci: Timbal (Pb), Frogbit, Efektivitas, Pertumbuhan, dan Faktor Abiotik