TINJAUAN YURIDIS PELANGGARAN TERHADAP KEDAULATAN NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (Studi Kasus Konflik Antara Amerika Serikat dan Venezuela)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This article examines the legality of the United States’ arrest of Nicolás Maduro under international law, particularly in relation to state sovereignty and the prohibition on the use of force. The study finds that although the United States based its charges on narco-terrorism, cocaine importation conspiracy, and weapons-related offenses, the military operation and forced arrest in Venezuelan territory raise serious legal problems under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. The United States’ reliance on the protective principle, objective territorial principle, and Ker-Frisbie doctrine may support domestic criminal jurisdiction, but cannot justify a coercive military operation against a foreign head of state in another sovereign state’s territory.
Keywords: Nicolás Maduro, state sovereignty, use of force, extraterritorial jurisdiction, Ker-Frisbie doctrine.
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini membahas legalitas penangkapan Nicolás Maduro oleh Amerika Serikat dalam perspektif Hukum Internasional, khususnya terkait prinsip kedaulatan negara dan larangan penggunaan kekerasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Amerika Serikat mendasarkan dakwaannya pada tuduhan narkoterorisme, konspirasi impor kokain, dan penggunaan senjata dalam kejahatan narkotika, operasi militer dan penangkapan paksa di wilayah Venezuela menimbulkan persoalan hukum serius berdasarkan Pasal 2 ayat (4) Piagam PBB. Prinsip perlindungan, prinsip teritorial objektif, dan doktrin Ker-Frisbie dapat menjelaskan klaim yurisdiksi pidana domestik Amerika Serikat, tetapi tidak dapat membenarkan operasi militer koersif terhadap kepala negara asing di wilayah negara berdaulat lain.
Kata kunci: Nicolás Maduro, kedaulatan negara, penggunaan kekerasan, yurisdiksi ekstrateritorial, doktrin Ker-Frisbie.Full Text:
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