Numerical Analysis of the Dynamics of an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) System Using the Mass-Spring-Damping Approach on the Characteristics of Indonesian Ocean Waves

Angga Tri Prasetyo, Akhmad Faruq Alhikami, Lee Tsai Cheng

Abstract


This study analyzes the dynamic response of an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy converter using a Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) mass–spring–damping model. Numerical simulations were conducted in MATLAB using the ODE45 solver under Indonesian sea conditions based on BMKG wave data. The effects of wave height, wave frequency, and damping ratio on displacement, velocity, acceleration, spring force, and mechanical energy were evaluated. The results show that high tide conditions produced the highest displacement (5.0775 m), velocity (20.0727 m/s), and spring force (25,387.39 N). The highest acceleration (106.5820 m/s²) occurred during the rainy season, while the dry season exhibited a strong dynamic response due to a frequency ratio of 0.900 (near resonance). Model validation showed errors of 3.22% for natural frequency and 0.00043% for spring force, confirming the reliability of the SDOF model..

Keywords: Oscillating Water Column (OWC); Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF); numerical simulation; dynamic response; wave energy


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