ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN HYDROCHAR DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN AKTIVASI NaOH DAN BATUBARA SUB-BITUMINOUS

Akbar Abdul Aziz, Akhmad Faruq Alhikami, Ena Marlina

Abstract


Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh aktivasi NaOH 0,5 M pada hydrochar tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) terhadap karakteristik pembakaran dan energi aktivasi dalam aplikasi co-firing dengan batubara sub-bituminus. Sampel hydrochar teraktivasi (HC 20%), TKKS tanpa aktivasi (EFB 20%), dan batubara murni diuji menggunakan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi NaOH meningkatkan kestabilan termal hydrochar dengan profil degradasi dua tahap dan weight loss 94,12%. HC 20% memiliki Ti 267,73°C, Tp 447,64°C, dan Tb 537,04°C. Meskipun nilai Ignition Index dan Combustion Index lebih rendah, energi aktivasi pada tahap kedua pembakaran menurun signifikan, menunjukkan peningkatan reaktivitas termal. Aktivasi NaOH terbukti mendukung efisiensi pembakaran biomassa untuk aplikasi co-firing di PLTU.

Kata Kunci: Hydrochar, aktivasi NaOH, TKKS, TGA, karakteristik pembakaran, energi aktivasi, co-firing.


Full Text:

PDF Remote

References


G. K. Parshetti, S. Kent Hoekman, and R. Balasubramanian, “Chemical, structural and combustion characteristics of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of palm empty fruit bunches,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 135, pp. 683–689, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.042.

Y. C. Dwiaji, “Analisis Pengaruh Co-Firing Biomassa Terhadap Kinerja Peralatan Boiler PLTU Batubara Unit 1 PT. XYZ,” J. Appl. Mech. Eng. Renew. Energy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7–15, 2023, doi: 10.52158/jamere.v3i1.445.

A. V. Febriani, F. F. Hanum, A. Rahayu, and B. Setya, “THE IMPACT OF CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH CHARCOAL AND PALM KERNEL CHARCOAL FOR CO-FIRING APPLICATION,” vol. 15, pp. 28–39, 2025.

C. Călin, E. E. Sîrbu, M. Tănase, R. Győrgy, D. R. Popovici, and I. Banu, “A Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biomass Conversion to Biochar: Experimental and Kinetic Modeling,” Appl. Sci., vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 1–23, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app14219856.

M. A. Qodir and A. F. Alhikami, “Analisis profil degradasi massa pada hydrochar menggunakan teknik Hydrothermal Carbonization dari limbah tandan kosong sawit,” 2025.

J. Petrović et al., “Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: A Review of Hydrochar Preparation and Environmental Application,” Processes, vol. 12, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.3390/pr12010207.

F. Zhou et al., “Efficient removal of methylene blue by activated hydrochar prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and NaOH activation of sugarcane bagasse and phosphoric acid,” RSC Adv., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1885–1896, 2022, doi: 10.1039/d1ra08325b.

E. Garcia, I. F. Ejim, and H. Liu, “Thermogravimetric analysis of co-combustion of a bituminous coal and coffee industry by-products,” Thermochim. Acta, vol. 715, no. March, p. 179296, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.tca.2022.179296.

M. A. Islam, G. Kabir, M. Asif, and B. H. Hameed, “Combustion kinetics of hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonisation of Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) fruit hulls via thermogravimetric analysis,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 194, pp. 14–20, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.094.

I. S. Pansawati, Y. Agustin, and Y. Ahda, “Kinetic and combustion characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar using thermogravimetric analysis,” J. Teknosains, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 128, 2024, doi: 10.22146/teknosains.89413.

L. Dong, X. Huang, J. Ren, L. Deng, and Y. Da, “Thermogravimetric Assessment and Differential Thermal Analysis of Blended Fuels of Coal, Biomass and Oil Sludge,” Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 19, 2023, doi: 10.3390/app131911058.

D. Erivianto, A. Dani, and H. Gunawan, “Pengolahan Biomassa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Bakar Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap,” J. Indones. Sos. Teknol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 162–171, 2022, doi: 10.36418/jist.v3i1.337.

M. F. Praevia and W. Widayat, “Analisis Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Cofiring pada PLTU Batubara,” J. Energi Baru dan Terbarukan, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 28–37, 2022, doi: 10.14710/jebt.2022.13367.

S. Ruksathamcharoen, T. Chuenyam, M. W. Ajiwibowo, and K. Yoshikawa, “Thermogravimetric analysis of combustion characteristics and kinetics of hydrothermally treated and washed empty fruit bunch,” Biofuels, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 977–986, 2021, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2018.1564482.

A. Termodinamika et al., “1 , 2 , 3,” 2015.

P. Attasophonwattana, J. Pukrushpan, and C. Areeprasert, “Thermal Decomposition and Kinetic Study of Empty Fruit Bunch Derived Hydrochar Produced from Hydrothermal Carbonization and Washing Processes,” no. June, pp. 15–21, 2021.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.