Struktur Komunitas Makroinvertebrata Bentos di Kawasan Budidaya Ikan Kali Sukun Purwosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan

Abstract

Fish farming activities using the fixed net cage (KJT) system have the potential to increase the input of organic matter into water bodies that can affect water quality and the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities as bioindicators. This study was conducted in August 2025 in Sukun River, Purwosari District, Pasuruan Regency, with the aim of identifying species and community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates, assessing water quality using benthic bioindicators, and analyzing the relationship between water quality and diversity indices and dominance indices. This study used a purposive sampling method at three stations, namely before the cage, the cage area, and after the cage. The physicochemical parameters measured included temperature, pH, DO, current velocity, turbidity, TDS, and BOD. Biological analysis was carried out by calculating the diversity index (H’), dominance (C), then analyzed using correlation tests and ANOVA. The results showed changes in community composition, where the cage area tended to be dominated by families tolerant to organic pollution. The H' value ranged from 2.279 to 2.402, indicating a moderate diversity category, while the dominance index was relatively low (0.111 to 0.130), indicating the absence of extreme dominance. Increased TDS and BOD in the cultivation area were associated with a decline in the biological quality of the waters. Overall, the waters of the Sukun River are classified as moderately polluted, necessitating more environmentally friendly cultivation management and continuous water quality monitoring.

Keywords: Benthic macroinvertebrates, biotic indices, floating net cages, Kali sukun, water quality

ABSTRAK

Aktivitas budidaya ikan dengan sistem keramba jaring tancap (KJT) berpotensi meningkatkan masukan bahan organik ke badan air yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas perairan dan struktur komunitas makroinvertebrata bentos sebagai bioindikator. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2025 di Kali Sukun, Kecamatan Purwosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi spesies dan struktur komunitas makroinvertebrata bentos, menilai kualitas air menggunakan bioindikator bentos, serta menganalisis hubungan kualitas air dengan indeks keanekaragaman, dan indeks dominansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada tiga stasiun, yaitu sebelum keramba, area keramba, dan setelah keramba. Parameter fisika-kimia yang diukur meliputi suhu, pH, DO, kecepatan arus, kekeruhan, TDS, dan BOD. Analisis biologis dilakukan dengan menghitung indeks keanekaragaman (H’), dominansi (C), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi dan ANOVA. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perubahan komposisi komunitas, di mana area keramba cenderung didominasi oleh famili toleran terhadap pencemaran organik. Nilai H’ berkisar antara 2,279–2,402 yang menunjukkan kategori keanekaragaman sedang, sedangkan indeks dominansi relatif rendah (0,111–0,130) yang mengindikasikan tidak adanya dominasi ekstrem. Peningkatan TDS dan BOD pada area budidaya berasosiasi dengan penurunan kualitas biologis perairan. Secara keseluruhan, kondisi perairan Kali Sukun tergolong tercemar sedang, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan budidaya yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan pemantauan kualitas air secara berkelanjutan. 

    Kata kunci: Indeks biotik, Kali Sukun, keramba jaring tancap, kualitas air, makroinvertebrata bentos.