UPAYA HUKUM PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK PASCA PUTUSAN PERCERAIAN

Abstract

Perkawinan merupakan salah satu aspek kehidupan yang diatur, baik dalam hukum islam, maupun hukum positif. Di lain sisi, tidak sedikit perkawinan yang tidak bisa dipertahankan dan berujung pada perceraian. Perceraian menyebabkan anak dalam perkawinan menjadi korban, dimana sangat terlihat dari hak-hak yang didapatkan anak menjadi terbatas akibat perceraian. Hak-hak anak yang tidak dipenuhi bapak dapat digugat dalam perkara perceraian. Kendati demikian, banyak bapak yang lalai dan tidak melaksanakan isi Putusan Pengadilan Agama yang bersifat menghukum. Di sisi lain, upaya hukum pemenuhan hak-hak anak yang tidak dipenuhi bapak pasca perceraian belum diatur jelas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) hak-hak yang dimiliki anak pasca putusan perceraian; 2) faktor-faktor penyebab tidak dipenuhinya hak-hak anak pasca putusan perceraian; dan 3) upaya hukum pemenuhan hak-hak anak pasca putusan perceraian. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan dan dikaitkan dengan kondisi lapangan melalui pendekatan kasus, dimana diambil contoh putusan pengadilan terkait putusan perkara perceraian yang menghukum bapak sehubungan dengan hak-hak anak, dan pasca putusan bapak tersebut lalai dalam melaksanakan isi putusan. Selain itu, dilakukan pengkajian dengan pendekatan kasus tersebut melalui wawancara dengan beberapa tenaga profesi hukum untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Hasil pengkajian selanjutnya disusun dan dibahas, serta dikaitkan dengan Putusan Pengadilan Agama Sidoarjo No. 3400/Pdt.G/2016/PA.Sda. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa 1) hak-hak anak akibat perceraian yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan terbatas pada hak pemeliharaan, hak pendidikan, dan hak biaya keduanya; 2) faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak dipenuhinya hak anak oleh bapak pasca putusan perceraian, meliputi faktor ekonomi, faktor bapak menikah lagi, dan faktor psikologi; serta 3) upaya hukum pemenuhan hak anak pasca putusan perceraian, yaitu eksekusi isi putusan, gugatan perdata di luar perkara perceraian, dan pengalihan tanggung jawab demi terpenuhinya hak-hak anak.

 

Kata kunci: perceraian, hak anak, faktor tidak dipenuhinya hak anak, upaya hukum

 

Marriage is one aspect of life that is regulated, both in Islamic law, as well as positive law. On the other hand, there are not a few marriages that cannot be sustained and lead to divorce. Divorce causes children in marriage to be victims, where it is very evident that the rights obtained by children are limited due to divorce. Children's rights that are not fulfilled by a father can be sued in a divorce case. Nevertheless, many fathers are negligent and do not carry out the contents of the Judicial Court's Judgment. On the other hand, legal efforts to fulfill children's rights that are not fulfilled after the divorce have not been clearly regulated. The purpose of this study was to find out: 1) the rights of children after the divorce decision; 2) factors that cause the lack of fulfillment of children's rights after the divorce decision; and 3) legal efforts to fulfill children's rights after the divorce decision. In this study, a study of laws and regulations was carried out and related to field conditions through a case approach, where a court decision was taken regarding divorce cases that punished fathers in connection with children's rights, and after the father's decision was negligent in carrying out the decision. In addition, a case study approach was carried out through interviews with several legal professionals to answer the problem statement. The results of the assessment were further compiled and discussed, and linked to the Decision of the Sidoarjo Religious Court No. 3400 / Pdt.G / 2016 / PA. Regional. These results indicate that 1) children's rights due to divorce regulated in laws and regulations are limited to maintenance rights, educational rights, and rights to both costs; 2) factors that cause the fulfillment of children's rights by the father after the divorce decision, including economic factors, the factor of remarriage, and psychological factors; and 3) legal efforts to fulfill children's rights after the divorce decision, namely the execution of the contents of the decision, civil claims outside the divorce case, and the displacement of responsibility for the fulfillment of children's rights.

 

Keywords: divorce, children's rights, factors not fulfilling children's rights, legal efforts