ANALISIS YURIDIS PENUTUPAN KONSULAT REPUBLIK ISLAM IRAN DI JERMAN OLEH JERMAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM DIPLOMATIK DAN KONSULER

Abstract

This study was prompted by the execution carried out by the Iranian government of a German-Iranian dual national. The German government condemned the action and emphasized that the execution of a German citizen would have serious consequences for relations between the two countries. This study addresses the issue of German jurisdiction regarding the closure of the Consulate of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Germany and the resolution of the dispute between Germany and Iran. The findings indicate that, first, the closure of the Consulate of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Germany was carried out in response to the Iranian government’s policy of imposing the death penalty on a German-Iranian dual national. Second, the German government’s closure of the consulate can be deemed lawful under international law because it meets the principle of reciprocity and does not violate the principle of inviolability. Germany maintained diplomatic channels through the embassy, so this step is still considered consistent with the provisions set forth in the 1961 Vienna Convention and the 1963 Vienna Convention.

Keywords: Consulate, Inviolability, International Law.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh eksekusi mati yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Iran terhadap warga negara berkewarganegaraan ganda Jerman-Iran. Pemerintah Jerman mengutuk tindakan tersebut dan menegaskan bahwa eksekusi terhadap warga negara Jerman akan menimbulkan konsekuensi serius dalam hubungan kedua negara. Penelitian ini merumuskan permasalahan mengenai yurisdiksi Jerman dalam penutupan Konsulat Republik Islam Iran di Jerman serta penyelesaian sengketa antara Jerman dan Iran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, penutupan Konsulat Republik Islam Iran di Jerman dilakukan sebagai respons terhadap kebijakan pemerintah Iran yang menjatuhkan hukuman mati terhadap warga negara Jerman-Iran. Kedua, tindakan penutupan konsulat oleh pemerintah Jerman dapat dinilai sah menurut hukum internasional karena memenuhi asas timbal balik (reciprocity) dan tidak melanggar prinsip inviolabilitas. Jerman tetap mempertahankan jalur diplomatik melalui kedutaan besar sehingga langkah tersebut masih dianggap sejalan dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 dan Konvensi Wina 1963.

Kata kunci: Konsulat, Inviolabilitas, Hukum Internasional.