KEABSAHAN KLAUSULA LIMITATION OF LIABILITY DALAM PERJANJIAN DIGITAL ANTARA GIG WORKER DAN PLATFORM DIGITAL DI INDONESIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The development of the digital economy in Indonesia has encouraged the growth of platform-based jobs that connect consumers and gig workers through applications. In practice, partnership relationships are not only determined by electronic contracts, but also by platform control through systems and algorithms that regulate order access, ratings, and account sanctions. This situation makes partnership agreements tend to be unbalanced standard contracts, so that limitation of liability clauses have the potential to shift risk from the platform to gig workers while narrowing the avenues for consumer redress in the event of a dispute. This prescriptive legal research uses a legislative and conceptual based approach through a literature review. The findings show that the principle of freedom of contract is not absolute; clauses that reduce or negate the rights of the weaker party can be challenged through Article 1320 of the Civil Code, Article 1337 of the Civil Code, and the principles of good faith and proportionality. However, legal protection for gig workers remains fragmented, so their bargaining position is weak and liability limitation clauses often remain systematically effective in practice.

Key words: Digital Agreement; Gig Worker; Limitation of Liability.

ABSTRAK

Perkembangan ekonomi digital di Indonesia mendorong tumbuhnya pekerjaan berbasis platform yang mempertemukan konsumen dan gig worker melalui aplikasi. Dalam praktiknya, relasi kemitraan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kontrak elektronik, tetapi juga oleh kontrol platform melalui sistem dan algoritma yang mengatur akses pesanan, penilaian, hingga sanksi akun. Kondisi ini membuat perjanjian kemitraan cenderung berupa kontrak standar yang tidak seimbang, sehingga klausul limitation of liability berpotensi mengalihkan risiko dari platform kepada gig worker sekaligus mempersempit jalur pemulihan kerugian konsumen saat sengketa. Penelitian hukum normatif (preskriptif) ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang‑undangan dan konseptual melalui studi literatur. Temuan menunjukkan asas kebebasan berkontrak tidak absolut; klausul yang mengurangi atau meniadakan hak pihak lebih lemah dapat dipersoalkan melalui Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata, Pasal 1337 KUH Perdata, serta prinsip itikad baik dan proporsionalitas. Namun perlindungan hukum bagi gig worker masih terfragmentasi, sehingga posisi tawar mereka lemah dan klausul pembatasan tanggung jawab sering tetap efektif secara sistemik dalam praktik.

Kata kunci : Gig Worker, Klausula Limitation of Liability, Kontrak Digital.