PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DEBITUR TERHADAP KREDITUR PASCA GAGALNYA PELAKSANAAN PUTUSAN HOMOLOGASI (Studi Putusan Nomor 2/Pdt.Sus-homologasi/2024/PN Niaga Smg)

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A homologation decision in the Debt Payment Suspension (PKPU) regime is the court approval of a settlement plan between the debtor and creditors by the Commercial Court. Once approved, the settlement binds the parties as if it were a final and legally binding judgment. However, in practice, it is not uncommon for the debtor to fail to fulfill obligations as stipulated in the settlement agreement. Decision Number 2/Pdt.Sus-Homologasi/2024/PN Niaga Semarang illustrates the failure in the execution of homologation, resulting in the annulment of the settlement and a declaration of bankruptcy. This article analyzes the forms of debtor responsibility following the failed execution of homologation and the legal remedies available to creditors. The research method used is normative juridical with approaches based on legislation, conceptual analysis, and case studies. The results of the study indicate that failure to implement homologation removes the legal protection provided by the homologation ruling and opens the possibility for the annulment of the settlement as well as bankruptcy declarations based on Article 291 Law Number 34 of 2004. Debtor liability does not end with the legal entity but can potentially extend to the board of directors if proven negligence causes losses to creditors.

Key words: PKPU, Debtor Liability, Creditors, Homologation Ruling.

ABSTRAK

Putusan homologasi dalam rezim Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) merupakan pengesahan rencana perdamaian antara debitur dan kreditur oleh Pengadilan Niaga. Setelah disahkan, perdamaian mengikat para pihak layaknya putusan berkekuatan hukum tetap. Namun dalam praktik, tidak jarang debitur gagal melaksanakan kewajiban sebagaimana ditentukan dalam perjanjian perdamaian. Putusan Nomor 2/Pdt.Sus-Homologasi/2024/PN Niaga Semarang menunjukkan kegagalan pelaksanaan homologasi yang berujung pada pembatalan perdamaian dan pernyataan pailit. Artikel ini menganalisis bentuk pertanggungjawaban debitur pasca gagalnya pelaksanaan homologasi serta upaya hukum kreditur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan melaksanakan homologasi menghilangkan perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh putusan homologasi dan membuka ruang pembatalan perdamaian serta pernyataan pailit berdasarkan Pasal 291 Undang-Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2004. Pertanggungjawaban debitur tidak berhenti pada badan hukum, tetapi berpotensi menjangkau direksi apabila terbukti terdapat kelalaian yang menimbulkan kerugian kreditur.                                                                                               

Kata kunci : PKPU, Pertanggungjawaban Debitur, Kreditur, Putusan Homologasi.