Efek Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat (F1-F8) Ekstrak Metanolik Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber Linn) dengan Amoksisilin atau Kloramfenikol terhadap Zona Inhibisi Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

Abstract

Introduction: The most nasocomial infections are caused by S. aureus and E.coli which tend to be antibiotics resistance. It need a combination of antibiotic with herbal to overcome antibiotic resistance. This study identified the active compound of Elephantopus scaber fraction by phytochemical test and examined ZOI combination of 1-8 E. scaber fractions with amoxicillin or chloramphenicol against S. aureus and E.coli.

Methods: Methanolic extracts of E.scaber was fractionated using  silica gel stationary phase and the mobile phase of 50 ml ethyl acetate to obtain fraction 1-8. Phytochemical test of fraction 1-8 used TLC method of spray dragendorff, FeCl₃, and formaldehyde. The interaction between herbs and antibiotics was assessed by the Ameri-Ziaei Double Antibiotic Synergism Test (AZDAST) and the zone of inhibition was measured by the Kirby-Bauer method.

Results: Fractionation with ethyl acetate eluent obtained F1-F8 which contained alkaloids at F4-F8 and phenols at F6-F8. On a single ZOI test found a clear zone in the fraction 5-8 against S. aureus with value 9.33 mm ± 2.3, 7.3 mm ± 0.58, 7 mm ± 0 and 7.3 mm ± 0.58, however in all fractions against  E. coli did not have clear zone. In the combination test of fraction 7 with amoxicillin against S.aureus had synergistic interaction, whereas combination of fraction 6-8 with chloramphenicol against S. aureus had antagonistic interactions. Beside these fraction combinations, several combinations of fractions with chloramphenicol against E.coli and amoxicillin against S. aureus and E.coli had not distinguishable interactions.

Conclusion: The fraction 4-8 of E. scaber contained alkaloid compounds, while fraction 6-8 contained phenol compounds. The combination of fraction 7 of E. scaber with amoxicillin against S. aureus had synergistic interaction and fraction 6-8 with chloramphenicol against S. aureus had antagonistic interactions

Keyword: Elephantopus scaber, L., Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Zone of Inhibition, Combination of Antibiotic