Efek Penambahan Fraksi Semi Polar (F8-F13) Ekstrak Metanolik Phyllanthus niruri, L. Terhadap Daya Hambat Amoxicillin atau Chloramphenicol pada Staphylococcus aureus atau Escherichia coli

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance continues to be a global problem. Alternative solution in decreasing the antibiotic resistance is by using antibiotics along with the combination of herbs as an adjuvants. Herb contains active compound which increase antibiotic activity so it potentials to be an antibiotic adjuvant. Crude extract Phylantus niruri, L. has different interaction when combined with amoxicillin and chloramphenicol against E. coli and S. aureus because their crude extract contains many active compound.. Therefore, this reasearch would separete the active compound Phyllantus niruri, L. and test interactions with antibiotics.

Methods: Phyllantus niruri, L. methanolic extract was obtained by maceration method followed by the fractionation process using ethyl acetate : methanol eluent (90:10). Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) test was used Kirby-Bauer method. Antibiotic and herb active compound interaction determined using Ameri-Ziaei Double Antibiotic Synergism Test (AZDAST). Phytochemical test interpretated by using dragendorff, FeCl3, and formaldehyde reagent and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).

Results: The fraction with ethyl acetate : methanol eluent (90:10) obtained 6 fractions, F8-F13. F9 fraction and chloramphenicol showed antagonist interaction against E. coli with ZOI combination 11,3 ± 1,7 mm and ZOI single antibiotic 13,6 ± 0,5mm. F11 fraction and chloramphenicol also showed potentiation interaction against E. coli with ZOI combination 12,3 ± 2,1 mm and ZOI single antibiotic 0 ± 0 mm. F11 fraction and amoxicillin showed potentiation interaction agaisnt E. coli with ZOI combination 11,3 ± 1,7 mm and ZOI single antibiotic 0 ± 0 mm. And the other fractions have not distinguishable interactions. F9, F11, F12, and F13 fractions contain phenolic compound with different structure.

Conclusion: F9 fraction with chloramphenicol showed antagonist interaction against E. coli. and F11 fraction with amoxicillin and chloramphenicol showed potentiation interaction against E. coli. In F9, F11, F12 and F13 has phenol contain. F8 and F10 showed no tested active compound.

Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, L., Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Zone of Inhibition, Antibiotic Combination