Jurnal "Rekayasa Sipil" sebagai media informasi dan forum kajian bidang Teknik Sipil berisi tulisan ilmiah hasil penelitian. Diterbitkan oleh jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Malang setiap bulan Februari dan Agustus. Redaksi mengundang para ahli, praktisi, peneliti dan semua pemerhati keteknik sipil an untuk menyumbangkan tulisan yang belum pernah diterbitkan dalam media cetak lain.
ANALISIS BOTTLENECK JEMBATAN JALAN LINTAS MELAWI TERHADAP KINERJA JALAN MT. HARYONO DI KOTA SINTANG
Abstract The bottleneck at the Melawi Crossing Bridge is the primary cause of structural traffic congestion on Jalan MT. Haryono in Sintang City. This study aims to model the impact of the bottleneck on traffic characteristics and analyze the magnitude of the resulting shockwaves. A descriptive quantitative method based on field observations was employed, utilizing a comparative approach between the Greenshields and Greenberg models. Analysis results indicate that the Greenshields model is the most accurate under normal conditions (Segment A1), with maximum volumes of 1,566 pcu/hour (Left Lane) and 1,452 smp/hour (Right Lane). However, the bottleneck in Segment A2 reduced capacity by over 40%—to 852 pcu/hour (Left Lane) and 845 pcu/hour (Right Lane)—and lowered operational speeds to below 20 km/hour. Shockwave analysis revealed the worst conditions on the Left Lane on Saturday, featuring a queue length of 1,736 meters and a delay of 1,450 vehicle-minutes, accompanied by a positive ωAB anomaly (+2.488 km/hour) due to over-saturation. Conversely, the Right Lane on Monday exhibited a normal pattern, with ωAB = -1.390 km/hour and a queue length of 761 meters. Implementing operational management for heavy vehicles is a potential strategy to alleviate congestion. Therefore, further study is required regarding heavy vehicle scheduling models and their impact on traffic volume distribution to achieve a balance between road demand and the bridge's limited capacity. Keywords: Bottleneck, Shockwave, Greenshields, Greenberg, Gridlock. Abstrak Keberadaan bottleneck pada Jembatan Lintas Melawi menjadi pemicu utama kemacetan struktural di Jalan MT. Haryono, Kota Sintang. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan pengaruh bottleneck terhadap karakteristik lalu lintas serta menganalisis besar gelombang kejut (shockwave) yang terbentuk. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif berbasis observasi lapangan dengan pendekatan komparatif Model Greenshields dan Greenberg. Hasil analisis menunjukkan model Greenshields paling akurat pada kondisi normal (Segmen A1) dengan volume maksimum 1.566 smp/jam (Ruas Kiri) dan 1.452 smp/jam (Ruas Kanan). Namun, bottleneck di Segmen A2 mereduksi kapasitas hingga >40% menjadi 852 smp/jam (Ruas Kiri) dan 845 smp/jam (Ruas Kanan), serta menurunkan kecepatan operasional hingga <20 km/jam. Analisis gelombang kejut menunjukkan kondisi terparah pada Ruas Kiri hari Sabtu dengan panjang antrean 1.736 meter dan tundaan 1.450 kendaraan-menit, disertai anomali ωAB positif (+2,488 km/jam) akibat over-saturation. Sebaliknya, Ruas Kanan hari Senin menunjukkan pola normal dengan ωAB = -1,390 km/jam dan antrean 761 meter. Untuk mengurangi kemacetan dapat dilakukan adalah melakukan manajemen operasional kendaraan berat. Untuk itu, diperlukan studi lebih lanjut mengenai model pengaturan jadwal kendaraan berat dan pengaruhnya terhadap distribusi volume lalu lintas guna mencapai keseimbangan antara beban permintaan jalan dengan kapasitas jembatan yang terbatas. Kata Kunci: Bottleneck, Gelombang Kejut, Greenshields, Greenberg, Gridlock.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Rosyid Kurniawan, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Chang Yuan Liu
EVALUASI OPERASIONAL BUS TRANS JATIM KORIDOR I MALANG RAYA BERDASARKAN LOAD FACTOR, ATP, WTP DAN BOK
ABSTRACT The Trans Jatim Bus Corridor I operates under a Buy The Service (BTS) scheme as a government-funded public transport initiative intervention to strengthen public transit connectivity across the Greater Malang region, East Java. However, post-operational assessments that simultaneously address operational performanceload and fiscal sustainability remain limited in the existing literature. This study examines operational performance through passenger load factor dynamics and evaluates fare adequacy by triangulating Ability to Pay (ATP), Willingness to Pay (WTP), and Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC). Data were gathered through systematic on-board observations and structured questionnaires administered to 100 commuters recruited via accidental sampling, analyzed using a quantitative descriptive framework. Results show that the overall mean load factor reached 102.00%, with weekday utilization at 87.43% and a surge to 116.57% during holiday and recreational peak periods, indicating intermittent overcapacity conditions. On the economic side, the prevailing fare of IDR 5,000 falls within the affordability threshold, as reflected by mean ATP and WTP values of IDR 5,975 and IDR 5,250, respectively. Nevertheless, the computed VOC of IDR 13,340.25 per passenger substantially exceeds the applied tariff, revealing a structural deficit between revenue collection and actual operational expenditure. These findings underscore that high ridership alone cannot ensure financial self-sufficiency in subsidized transit systems, and that sustained government subsidy constitutes the primary mechanism for maintaining long-term service viability. Practical recommendations include strategic fleet redistribution and timetable recalibration during peak-demand windows to balance service quality with passenger comfort. Kata Kunci : Bus Trans Jatim, Load Factor, Ability to Pay, Willingness to Pay, Biaya Operasional Kendaraan. ABSTRAK Koridor I Trans Jatim beroperasi dengan skema Buy The Service (BTS) sebagai intervensi inisiatif transportasi publik yang didanai pemerintah untuk memperkuat konektivitas transportasi umum di wilayah Malang Raya, Jawa Timur. Namun, kajian pascaoperasional yang secara bersamaan membahas kinerja operasional dan keberlanjutan fiskal masih terbatas dalam literatur yang ada. Penelitian ini mengkaji kinerja operasional melalui dinamika load factor penumpang dan mengevaluasi kelayakan tarif dengan mentriangulasi Ability to Pay (ATP), Willingness to Pay (WTP), dan Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK). Data dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan langsung di dalam bus (on-board observation) secara sistematis dan kuesioner terstruktur yang diberikan kepada 100 penumpang yang direkrut melalui accidental sampling, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata load factor keseluruhan mencapai 102,00%, dengan tingkat utilisasi pada hari kerja sebesar 87,43% dan meningkat tajam hingga 116,57% pada periode puncak liburan dan rekreasi, yang mengindikasikan kondisi kelebihan kapasitas (overcapacity) yang bersifat intermiten. Dari sisi ekonomi, tarif yang berlaku sebesar Rp5.000 masih berada dalam ambang batas keterjangkauan, sebagaimana tercermin dari nilai rata-rata ATP dan WTP masing-masing sebesar Rp5.975 dan Rp5.250. Meskipun demikian, BOK yang dihitung sebesar Rp13.340,25 per penumpang jauh melampaui tarif yang diterapkan, yang mengungkapkan adanya defisit struktural antara pendapatan yang diperoleh dan pengeluaran operasional aktual. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa tingginya jumlah penumpang saja tidak dapat menjamin kemandirian finansial pada sistem transportasi publik yang disubsidi, dan bahwa keberlanjutan subsidi pemerintah merupakan mekanisme utama dalam menjaga keberlangsungan layanan dalam jangka panjang. Rekomendasi praktis yang diajukan meliputi redistribusi armada secara strategis dan penyesuaian jadwal keberangkatan pada periode permintaan puncak guna menyeimbangkan kualitas layanan dengan kenyamanan penumpang. Catatan: pada bagian sumber, frasa "operational performanceload" tampaknya merupakan typo (kemungkinan "operational performance and passenger load"), jadi saya menerjemahkannya sesuai makna yang paling masuk akal ("kinerja operasional dan load factor penumpang"). Silakan dikonfirmasi apakah maksud aslinya sudah sesuai.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibnu Ubaidillah, Anang Bakhtiar, Ruli Saefudin
ANALISIS KINERJA HIDRAULIK PROTOTIPE PINTU AIR IRIGASI OTOMATIS BERBASIS ENERGI SURYA DENGAN KENDALI IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) STUDI KASUS DESA SUKOANYAR, KECAMATAN PAKIS, KABUPATEN MALANG
ABSTRAK Meningkatnya kebutuhan air irigasi menuntut tersedianya sistem distribusi yang mampu bekerja secara lebih efektif, efisien, dan adaptif terhadap kondisi lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja hidraulik prototipe pintu air irigasi otomatis yang memanfaatkan energi surya sebagai sumber daya dan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) sebagai sistem kendali di Desa Sukoanyar, Kecamatan Pakis, Kabupaten Malang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran langsung pada variasi bukaan pintu sebesar 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, dan 10 cm. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi debit aliran, kecepatan aliran, tinggi muka air, serta koefisien debit. Selain itu, efektivitas sistem juga dikaji melalui perbandingan waktu respons antara sistem otomatis dan manual serta penyebaran kuesioner kepada petani, teknisi, dan perencana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar bukaan pintu, maka debit dan kecepatan aliran cenderung meningkat. Nilai debit terbesar diperoleh pada variasi bukaan 10 cm. Pengujian terhadap sistem kendali memperlihatkan bahwa pintu air berbasis IoT mampu memberikan pengoperasian yang lebih efisien dibandingkan sistem konvensional karena proses pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara otomatis dan waktu nyata (real-time). Pemanfaatan panel surya sebagai sumber energi juga mendukung keberlangsungan operasi sistem tanpa bergantung sepenuhnya pada jaringan listrik konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, mayoritas responden memberikan penilaian positif terhadap kemudahan pengoperasian, peningkatan efisiensi distribusi air, serta peluang penerapan teknologi ini pada sistem irigasi modern. Kata kunci: irigasi otomatis, debit, kinerja hidraulik, Internet of Things (IoT), pintu air, energi surya. ABSTRACT Increasing irrigation water demand encourages the development of distribution systems that are more efficient, effective, and adaptive to changing field conditions. This study aims to evaluate the hydraulic performance of an automatic irrigation gate prototype that utilizes solar energy as a power source and Internet of Things (IoT) technology as a control system in Sukoanyar Village, Pakis District, Malang Regency. Data collection was carried out through direct measurements at gate opening variations of 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm. The parameters analyzed included flow discharge, flow velocity, water surface elevation, and discharge coefficient. In addition, system effectiveness was also assessed by comparing the response time between the automatic and manual systems, as well as by distributing questionnaires to farmers, technicians, and planners. The results show that as the gate opening increases, the discharge and flow velocity tend to increase as well. The largest discharge value was obtained at the 10 cm opening variation. Testing of the control system showed that the IoT-based water gate was able to provide more efficient operation compared to the conventional system, since the control process could be carried out automatically and in real time. The use of solar panels as an energy source also supports the sustainability of system operation without being fully dependent on the conventional electrical grid. Based on the questionnaire results, the majority of respondents gave positive assessments regarding the ease of operation, the improvement in water distribution efficiency, and the potential for applying this technology in modern irrigation systems. Keywords: solar energy, hydraulics, Internet of Things (IoT), automatic irrigation, discharge coefficient, water gate
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ihsyamuddin Hawali, Eko Noerhayati, Eko Noerhayati, Anita Rahmawati, Anita Rahmawati
STUDI PERENCANAAN JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH DI DESA MARGA MULYA SAKTI KECAMATAN PENARIK KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO PROVINSI BENGKULU MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE EPANET 2.2
Population growth has increased the demand for clean water, requiring an appropriate water distribution system to ensure reliable service. This study aims to estimate future water demand and design a clean water distribution network for Marga Mulya Sakti Village, Penarik District, Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province. The research involved population projection, water demand analysis, groundwater source planning, and hydraulic simulation using EPANET 2.2. The arithmetic, geometric, and exponential methods were evaluated, and the arithmetic method was selected based on the highest correlation coefficient. The projected population in 2035 is 1,796 inhabitants, with an average water demand of 2.39 L/s and a peak hour demand of 4.31 L/s. The proposed system consists of three groundwater wells, three storage tanks, 35 pipeline segments, and 36 junctions. Hydraulic simulation indicates pressures ranging from 10.85 to 46.98 mH₂O, flow velocities from 0.30 to 1.07 m/s, and unit headloss values of 3.46–20.67 m/km. Although the maximum unit headloss exceeds the recommended limit on a single 10-meter pipeline segment, the overall network satisfies the hydraulic design criteria. Therefore, the proposed distribution system is considered capable of meeting the projected clean water demand in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullah Arif Rohman, Eko Noerhayati, Anita Rahmawati
PERENCANAAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH DI KAMPUNG TUMBIT MELAYU KECAMATAN TELUK BAYUR KABUPATEN BERAU KALIMANTAN TIMUR MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE EPANET 2.2
ABSTRAK Hingga saat ini, jaringan distribusi air bersih yang layak belum tersedia di Kampung Tumbit Melayu, Kecamatan Teluk Bayur, Kabupaten Berau. Kondisi ini membuat sekitar 3.256 warga (data 2024) terus mengandalkan sumur gali, tampungan air hujan, dan air sungai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Untuk mengatasi persoalan tersebut, studi ini menyusun rancangan sistem distribusi air bersih berbasis EPANET 2.2 yang mencakup proyeksi jumlah penduduk periode 2025–2035, perhitungan kebutuhan air, penetapan dimensi pipa, hingga pengujian kinerja hidraulikanya. Di antara tiga metode proyeksi yang dibandingkan, metode aritmatika terpilih sebagai yang paling sesuai (r = 0,933), dengan hasil proyeksi 5.502 jiwa dan debit puncak 8,25 L/s pada tahun 2035. Sistem dirancang berupa jaringan bercabang berbahan pipa HDPE (C = 130) yang terdiri atas 31 junction, satu reservoir (+12 m), satu bak penampung (+45 m), serta dua unit pompa. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan tekanan berkisar 33,03–68,64 mH₂O, kecepatan aliran 0,28–0,74 m/s, dan unit headloss 1,33–10,39 m/km, dengan seluruh nilai tersebut memenuhi ketentuan SNI 7509:2011 maupun pedoman Ditjen Cipta Karya 2007. Kata Kunci:EPANET 2.2, Proyeksi Penduduk, Simulasi ABSTRACT Until now, an adequate clean water distribution network has not been available in Kampung Tumbit Melayu, Teluk Bayur Sub-district, Berau Regency. This condition forces approximately 3,256 residents (2024 data) to continue relying on dug wells, rainwater collection, and river water to meet their daily needs. To address this issue, this study developed a clean water distribution system design based on EPANET 2.2, covering population projections for the 2025–2035 period, water demand calculations, pipe dimension determination, and hydraulic performance testing. Among the three projection methods compared, the arithmetic method was selected as the most suitable (r = 0.933), yielding a projected population of 5,502 people and a peak discharge of 8.25 L/s in 2035. The system was designed as a branched network using HDPE pipes (C = 130), consisting of 31 junctions, one reservoir (+12 m), one storage tank (+45 m), and two pump units. The simulation results showed pressures ranging from 33.03–68.64 mH₂O, flow velocities of 0.28–0.74 m/s, and unit headloss of 1.33–10.39 m/km, with all values meeting the requirements of SNI 7509:2011 and the 2007 Directorate General of Human Settlements (Cipta Karya) guidelines. Keywords:EPANET 2.2, Population Projection, Simulation
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Kurnia Ardiansyah, Azizah Rokhmawati, Budi Santoso
ANALISIS PRIORITAS MITIGASI BENCANA HIDROMETEOROLOGI DI SUMBER UMBUL GEMULO
ABSTRAK Mata air Umbul Gemulo memainkan peran penting sebagai penyedia sumber daya air di wilayah Malang Raya, yang keberadaannya kini terancam oleh bencana hidrometeorologi akibat krisis iklim dan konversi lahan yang merajalela di daerah aliran sungai. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kontribusi mata air Umbul Gemulo terhadap upaya mitigasi bencana, mengembangkan strategi konservasi berkelanjutan, dan memetakan kerentanan bencananya secara spasial. Pendekatan yang diterapkan menggabungkan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan bobot kriteria dan teknik overlay berbobot untuk analisis spasial. Evaluasi dilakukan pada empat parameter utama, yaitu curah hujan (CH), kapasitas infiltrasi (KI), topografi (TP), dan penggunaan lahan (PL). Hasil pembobotan AHP mengkonfirmasi bahwa curah hujan merupakan faktor penentu paling dominan untuk kerentanan regional dengan bobot 51,93%, diikuti oleh kapasitas infiltrasi 20,09%, penggunaan lahan 20,09%, dan topografi 7,89%. Hasil pemodelan spasial menunjukkan bahwa daerah aliran sungai Sumber Umbul Gemulo didominasi oleh zona yang sangat rentan, mencapai 40%, diikuti oleh zona rentan sebesar 35%, dan zona aman sebesar 25%. Sebagai langkah pencegahan, strategi prioritas yang dirumuskan meliputi revitalisasi infrastruktur melalui pembangunan drainase yang terkait dengan izin bangunan komersial, dan implementasi sistem peringatan dini (EWS) berbasis komunitas. Kata kunci: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Weighted Overlay, Bencana Hidrometeorologi. ABSTRACT The Umbul Gemulo spring plays a crucial role as a water resource provider in the Greater Malang area, whose existence is now threatened by hydrometeotogical disasters resulting from the climate crisis and the rampant land conversion in the water catchment area. This study was conducted to analyze the contribution of the Umbul Gemulo spring to disaster mitigation efforts, develop a sustainable conservation strategy, and map its disaster vulnerability spatially. The applied approach combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for determining criteric weights and a based weighted overlay technique for spatial analysis. Evaluation was conducted on four main parameters, namely rainfall (CH), infiltration capacity (KI), topography (TP), and land use (PL). The AHP weighted result confirmed that rainfall is the most dominant determining factor for regional vulnerability woth a weight of 51,93%, followed by infiltration capacity 20,09%, land use 20,09%, and topography 7,89%. The resulting spatial modeling reveals that the Sumber Umbul Gemulo watershed is dominated by highly vulnerable zones, accounting for 40%, followed by vulnerable zones at 35%, and safe zones at 25%. As a preventative measure, the formulated priority strategies include infrastructure revitalization throught the construction of drainage related to commercial building permits, and the implementation of a zommunity-based early warning system (EWS) Keyword : Analytical Hierarchy Process, Weighted Overlay, Hidrometeorogical Disasters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aisyatus Silanah Syahara, Anita Rahmawati, Aasniari Aasniari
STUDI ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH DI KECAMATAN PROPPO KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN DARI SUMBER WADUK SAMIRAN
ABSTRAK Air bersih merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia yang permintaannya terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk memberikan dampak langsung terhadap besarnya kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan perencanaan yang tepat untuk menjamin keberlanjutan pelayanan penyediaan air bersih di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proyeksi pertumbuhan penduduk dan memperkirakan kebutuhan air bersih di Kecamatan Proppo, Kabupaten Pamekasan, hingga tahun 2035 dengan memanfaatkan Waduk Samiran sebagai sumber air baku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder, analisis proyeksi jumlah penduduk menggunakan metode geometrik, aritmatik, dan eksponensial, serta pemilihan metode yang paling sesuai berdasarkan nilai koefisien korelasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan kebutuhan air domestik, kebutuhan air non-domestik, kehilangan air, kebutuhan rata-rata, kebutuhan harian maksimum, dan kebutuhan pada jam puncak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode aritmatik merupakan metode yang paling sesuai dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 1,0000000. Hasil proyeksi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk meningkat dari 96.145 jiwa pada tahun 2026 menjadi 121.349 jiwa pada tahun 2035. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk tersebut menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan air bersih, dimana kebutuhan air domestik mencapai 5.946.077 liter/hari (68,82 liter/detik), kebutuhan air non-domestik mencapai 1.486.519 liter/hari (17,21 liter/detik), dan total kebutuhan air bersih mencapai 7.432.596 liter/hari atau sebesar 86,03 liter/detik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan sistem penyediaan air bersih yang berkelanjutan untuk menjamin ketersediaan air yang memadai dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat di masa mendatang. Clean water is a fundamental human need, and its demand continues to increase along with population growth. The increasing population has a direct impact on the amount of clean water required by communities, making proper planning necessary to ensure sustainable water supply services in the future. This study aimed to analyze population growth projections and estimate clean water demand in Proppo District, Pamekasan Regency, through 2035 using Samiran Reservoir as a raw water source. The research method involved collecting primary and secondary data, analyzing population growth using geometric, arithmetic, and exponential projection methods, and selecting the most appropriate method based on correlation coefficient values. Furthermore, calculations were conducted for domestic water demand, non-domestic water demand, water loss, average demand, maximum daily demand, and peak hour demand. The results showed that the arithmetic method was the most suitable approach, with a correlation coefficient value of 1.0000000. Population projections indicated an increase from 96,145 people in 2026 to 121,349 people in 2035. This increase in population resulted in increased clean water demand, where domestic water demand reached 5,946,077 liters/day (68.82 liters/second), non-domestic water demand reached 1,486,519 liters/day (17.21 liters/second), and the total clean water demand reached 7,432,596 liters/day or 86.03 liters/second. Therefore, sustainable water supply planning is required to ensure adequate water availability for future community needs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deni Maulana Aziyanto, Anita Rahmawati, Anita Rahmawati, Budi Santoso, Budi Santoso
STUDI PENENTUAN SKALA PRIORITAS BERDASARKAN KINERJA JARINGAN IRIGASI PADA JARINGAN SEKUNDER PELA CEMPAKA KABUPATEN BIMA
ABSTRAK Jaringan Irigasi Sekunder Pela Cempaka di Kabupaten Bima melayani sekitar 532 hektare lahan pertanian dan memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung produksi pertanian. Namun, kinerjanya mengalami penurunan akibat kerusakan pada saluran dan bangunan irigasi, kebocoran air, pertumbuhan vegetasi yang tidak terkendali, serta terbatasnya kegiatan operasi dan pemeliharaan, sehingga menyebabkan distribusi air menjadi kurang efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keseimbangan air (Faktor K), mengevaluasi kinerja jaringan irigasi berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 32/PRT/M/2007, serta mengidentifikasi aspek-aspek yang menjadi prioritas dalam upaya peningkatan kinerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, survei, dan dokumentasi, serta didukung oleh data sekunder dari Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Nusa Tenggara I (BBWS NT I). Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap enam komponen, yaitu prasarana fisik, produktivitas tanaman, sarana penunjang, organisasi personalia, dokumentasi, dan Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air (P3A). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Faktor K sebesar 61,1%, yang mengindikasikan bahwa ketersediaan air belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi secara optimal. Nilai Indeks Kinerja Sistem Irigasi sebesar 58,03%, yang menunjukkan bahwa kondisi jaringan irigasi termasuk dalam kategori kurang dan perlu diperhatian. Oleh karena itu, upaya peningkatan kinerja perlu diprioritaskan pada rehabilitasi prasarana yang mengalami kerusakan, peningkatan sarana operasi dan pemeliharaan, perbaikan sistem dokumentasi, serta penguatan peran P3A guna mendukung pengelolaan irigasi yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. The Pela Cempaka Secondary Irrigation Network in Bima Regency serves approximately 532 hectares of agricultural land and plays an important role in supporting agricultural production. However, its performance has declined due to damaged canals and hydraulic structures, water leakage, uncontrolled vegetation growth, and limited operation and maintenance activities, resulting in inefficient water distribution. This study aimed to determine the water balance level (K Factor), evaluate irrigation network performance based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 32/PRT/M/2007, and identify priority aspects for performance improvement. A quantitative descriptive method was applied using primary data from field observations, surveys, and documentation, supported by secondary data from the Nusa Tenggara I River Basin Authority (BBWS NT I). The evaluation covered six components: physical infrastructure, crop productivity, supporting facilities, personnel organization, documentation, and Water User Farmers Association (P3A). The results showed a K Factor of 61.1%, indicating that available water was insufficient to meet irrigation demand. The Irrigation System Performance Index reached 58,03%, classifying the network as poor and requiring attention. Priority improvements should focus on rehabilitating damaged infrastructure, enhancing operation and maintenance facilities, improving documentation, and strengthening P3A participation to support effective and sustainable irrigation management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iga Saputri Mulyani, Eko Noerhayati, Eko Noerhayati, Anita Rahmawati, Anita Rahmawati
STUDI ANALISIS TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) DI SUNGAI BRANTAS KOTA MALANG
Total Padatan Tersuspensi (Total Suspended Solid/TSS) merupakan salah satu parameter fisik yang sangat penting dalam penilaian kualitas air permukaan karena berkaitan langsung dengan peningkatan kekeruhan, berkurangnya penetrasi cahaya, dan terhambatnya proses fotosintesis organisme akuatik. Pada segmen Sungai Brantas di Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, permukiman padat yang berada di sepanjang bantaran sungai menghasilkan limpasan permukaan yang membawa sejumlah besar partikel tersuspensi. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian khusus yang secara spesifik mengkaji distribusi TSS dan kontribusinya terhadap penurunan kualitas air pada segmen tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi TSS pada titik pengambilan sampel bagian hulu, tengah, dan hilir (SP-1 hingga SP-3), mengkaji kontribusi TSS terhadap skor STORET, serta mengusulkan strategi pengelolaan terpadu untuk mengendalikan padatan tersuspensi. Sampel air diperoleh menggunakan metode grab sampling dan selanjutnya dianalisis di Laboratorium Lingkungan Jasa Tirta I berdasarkan Standard Methods APHA Edisi ke-23 (Metode 2540 D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi TSS masing-masing sebesar 70,4 mg/L (SP-1), 88,4 mg/L (SP-2), dan 103,2 mg/L (SP-3), yang seluruhnya melebihi baku mutu air permukaan Kelas II sebesar 50 mg/L berdasarkan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021, dengan persentase kelebihan masing-masing sebesar 40,8%, 76,8%, dan 106,4%. Peningkatan konsentrasi TSS secara konsisten dari hulu ke hilir sebesar 46,6% menunjukkan adanya kontribusi pencemaran dari sumber non-titik (non-point source pollution) yang berasal dari limpasan permukiman dan air limbah domestik yang tidak diolah. Dalam analisis STORET yang menggunakan lima parameter (TSS, TDS, DO, BOD, dan COD), TSS memberikan kontribusi skor kumulatif sebesar −3, yang merepresentasikan 20% dari total skor negatif sebesar −15, dengan kualitas air secara keseluruhan diklasifikasikan sebagai Tercemar Ringan (Kelas B, −5 pada setiap titik). Penanaman vegetasi riparian, pemasangan perangkap sedimen (sediment trap), serta pemantauan rutin setiap enam bulan direkomendasikan sebagai langkah prioritas untuk mencegah peningkatan akumulasi TSS dan menjaga fungsi ekologis Sungai Brantas. Total Suspended Solid (TSS) is one of the most critical physical parameters in surface water quality assessment, directly linked to increased turbidity, reduced light penetration, and suppression of aquatic photosynthesis. In the Lowokwaru District segment of the Brantas River, Malang City, dense residential settlements along the riverbanks generate substantial surface runoff laden with suspended particles. However, no targeted study has specifically characterized TSS distribution and its contribution to water quality degradation in this segment. This study aims to analyze TSS concentrations across upstream, midstream, and downstream sampling points (SP-1 to SP-3), assess TSS contribution to the STORET score, and propose integrated management strategies for suspended solid control. Water samples were obtained using the grab sampling technique and subsequently analyzed at the Jasa Tirta I Environmental Laboratory following Standard Methods APHA 23rd Edition (Method 2540 D). Results revealed TSS concentrations of 70.4 mg/L (SP-1), 88.4 mg/L (SP-2), and 103.2 mg/L (SP-3), all exceeding the Class II surface water threshold of 50 mg/L (PP No. 22/2021) by 40.8%, 76.8%, and 106.4%, respectively. A consistent upstream-to-downstream increase of 46.6% confirms non-point source pollution from residential runoff and untreated domestic wastewater. Within the five-parameter STORET analysis (TSS, TDS, DO, BOD, COD), TSS contributed a cumulative score of −3, representing 20% of the total negative score of −15, with overall water quality classified as Lightly Polluted (Class B, −5 per site). Riparian vegetation planting, sediment trap installation, and regular biannual monitoring are recommended as priority interventions to prevent further TSS accumulation and protect the ecological function of the Brantas River
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Addib Ahsani, Anita Rahmawati, Budi Santoso
EVALUASI TIME SCHEDULE MENGGUNAKAN METODE PDM DAN CPM PADA PROYEK HOTEL ASTON 2 BATU SERTA DI INTREGASIKAN PADA SOFTWARE NAVISWORK
Penjadwalan proyek yang efektif sangat penting untuk memastikan proyek konstruksi selesai tepat waktu dan sesuai dengan lingkup yang direncanakan. Studi ini mengevaluasi jadwal konstruksi Proyek Aston Hotel 2 Batu menggunakan *Precedence Diagram Method* (PDM) dan *Critical Path Method* (CPM), yang dilanjutkan dengan integrasi *Building Information Modeling* (BIM) 4D melalui Autodesk Navisworks. Penelitian ini menggunakan data penjadwalan proyek, struktur rincian kerja (*work breakdown structure*), durasi aktivitas, hubungan ketergantungan antaraktivitas (*predecessor relationships*), dan model bangunan tiga dimensi. Analisis penjadwalan dilakukan menggunakan Microsoft Project untuk mengidentifikasi jalur kritis dan mengoptimalkan durasi proyek, sementara Autodesk Navisworks digunakan untuk memvisualisasikan urutan konstruksi dalam lingkungan 4D. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proyek tersebut terdiri dari 36 aktivitas struktural, dengan 34 aktivitas diklasifikasikan sebagai aktivitas kritis. Durasi awal proyek sebesar 312 hari kalender dioptimalkan menjadi 265 hari, sehingga menghasilkan pengurangan waktu selama 47 hari. Efektivitas penjadwalan mencapai sekitar 17%, sementara efisiensi waktu meningkat sebesar 15%. Selain itu, integrasi BIM 4D meningkatkan visualisasi proyek, memfasilitasi koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan proyek, serta mendukung pemantauan kemajuan selama proses konstruksi berlangsung. Oleh karena itu, kombinasi PDM, CPM, dan BIM 4D memberikan pendekatan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan penjadwalan konstruksi dan pengendalian waktu proyek. Kata kunci: Building Information Modeling, Critical Path Method, Penjadwalan Konstruksi, PDM. Effective project scheduling is essential to ensure construction projects are completed on time and within the planned scope. This study evaluates the construction schedule of the Aston Hotel 2 Batu Project using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) and Critical Path Method (CPM), followed by the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) 4D through Autodesk Navisworks. The research employed project scheduling data, work breakdown structure, activity durations, predecessor relationships, and three-dimensional building models. Scheduling analysis was performed using Microsoft Project to identify the critical path and optimize project duration, while Autodesk Navisworks was utilized to visualize construction sequences in a 4D environment. The results indicate that the project consists of 36 structural activities, with 34 activities classified as critical. The initial project duration of 312 calendar days was optimized to 265 days, resulting in a reduction of 47 days. The scheduling effectiveness reached approximately 17%, while time efficiency increased by 15%. Furthermore, BIM 4D integration improved project visualization, facilitated coordination among project stakeholders, and supported progress monitoring throughout the construction process. Therefore, the combination of PDM, CPM, and BIM 4D provides an effective approach for improving construction scheduling and project time control. Keywords: Building Information Modeling, Critical Path Method, Construction Scheduling, PDM.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zulkarnain Kiromi, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Ruli Saefudin
STUDI EVALUASI SALURAN DRAINASE JALAN BANDULAN, KOTA MALANG BERBASIS EPA SWMM 5.2
ABSTRAK Jalan Bandulan di Kota Malang mengalami permasalahan pada sistem drainase yang disebabkan oleh penumpukan sampah dan sedimentasi pasir yang menghambat aliran air serta meningkatkan potensi terjadinya banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja saluran drainase di sepanjang Jalan Bandulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif melalui analisis hidrologi dan hidraulika. Curah hujan rencana dan debit banjir rencana ditentukan berdasarkan analisis data curah hujan, sedangkan kondisi eksisting sistem drainase dievaluasi menggunakan pemodelan EPA SWMM 5.2 berdasarkan data hasil survei lapangan, geometri saluran, kondisi topografi, dan karakteristik tata guna lahan. Hasil analisis hidrologi menunjukkan bahwa debit banjir rencana untuk kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 676,08 m³/detik. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, saluran SR1 memiliki debit banjir rencana (Qr) tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 5,2823 m³/detik. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan perangkat lunak EPA SWMM 5.2 menunjukkan bahwa tiga saluran, yaitu SR2, SR3, dan SR4, belum mampu mengalirkan debit banjir rencana pada kondisi eksisting. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan redesain dimensi saluran menggunakan metode trial and error, serta penambahan grill inlet dan catch basin guna meningkatkan efektivitas sistem drainase. Hasil simulasi setelah redesain menunjukkan bahwa debit puncak terjadi pada pukul 13.00, dan saluran SR2, SR3, serta SR4 telah mampu mengalirkan debit banjir rencana tanpa mengalami limpasan (overflow). Kata kunci: Drainase, Evaluasi, EPA SWMM 5.2. ABSTRAK Street Bandulan in Malang City is experiencing problems with its drainage system caused by the accumulation of trash and sand sedimentation, which obstruct water flow and increase the potential for flooding. The purpose of this study is to examine and assess the performance of the drainage channels along Street Bandulan. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method through hydrological and hydraulic analyses. Design rainfall and design flood discharge were determined using rainfall data analysis, while the existing drainage system was evaluated by modeling it with EPA SWMM 5.2 based on field survey data, channel geometry, topography, and land-use characteristics. The results of the hydrological analysis show that the design flood discharge for a 10-year return period is 676,08 m³/sec. Based on the calculations, channel SR1 has the highest design flood discharge (Qr), at 5,2823 m³/sec. Three channels—SR2, SR3, and SR4—cannot handle the design flood discharge, according to an assessment using EPA SWMM 5.2 software. To address this issue, the channel dimensions were redesigned using the trial-and-error method, and grates and catch basins were added to improve the drainage system’s effectiveness. Following the redesign, simulation results revealed that the peak discharge happened at 1:00 PM and that channels SR2, SR3, and SR4 could transmit the design flood discharge without overflowing. Keyword: Drainage, Evaluation, Epa SWM 5.2
Copyright (c) 2026 Chalista Angelia, Azizah Rokhmawati, Ade Fitriyanti Ulul Azmi
ANALISIS KINERJA JARINGAN DRAINASE TERHADAP BENCANA BANJIR PADA KAWASAN JL. LETJEND SUTOYO, KELURAHAN LOWOKWARU, KOTA MALANG
ABSTRAK *:first-child]:mt-0 [&_>*:last-child]:mb-0" data-renderer="lm"> Banjir merupakan salah satu permasalahan hidrologi yang paling umum terjadi di wilayah perkotaan, yang disebabkan oleh tingginya intensitas curah hujan, perubahan tata guna lahan, serta menurunnya kapasitas saluran drainase. Salah satu wilayah yang terdampak permasalahan ini adalah Jalan Letjen Sutoyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, yang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir sering mengalami genangan dan banjir dengan ketinggian air mencapai sekitar 60 cm saat terjadi hujan lebat. Kondisi ini diduga disebabkan oleh kapasitas saluran drainase yang tidak memadai, akumulasi sedimen, penyumbatan oleh sampah padat, serta perluasan kawasan terbangun yang mengurangi daya infiltrasi air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja jaringan drainase terhadap kejadian banjir di sepanjang Jalan Letjen Sutoyo menggunakan ArcGIS. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder, yang meliputi kondisi eksisting saluran drainase, data curah hujan, data topografi, dan informasi tata guna lahan. Seluruh data kemudian dianalisis secara spasial menggunakan ArcGIS untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik jaringan drainase, arah aliran, serta segmen saluran kritis yang berpotensi menimbulkan genangan. Hasil analisis diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai kinerja sistem drainase yang ada serta faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya banjir di wilayah studi. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam merumuskan rekomendasi teknis, seperti peningkatan kapasitas saluran drainase, perbaikan pemeliharaan sistem drainase, serta penerapan pengelolaan tata guna lahan yang lebih efektif sebagai bagian dari upaya mitigasi banjir di Kota Malang. Kata kunci: drainase, analisis, evaluasi, ArcGIS. ABSTRAK Flooding is one of the most common hydrological problems in urban areas, caused by high rainfall intensity, land use changes, and the declining capacity of drainage systems. One of the areas affected by this issue is Letjen Sutoyo Street, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, which has experienced frequent inundation and flooding in recent years, with water levels reaching approximately 60 cm during heavy rainfall events. This condition is presumed to result from inadequate drainage channel capacity, sediment accumulation, solid waste blockage, and the expansion of built-up areas that reduce water infiltration. This study aims to analyze the performance of the drainage network in relation to flood occurrences along Letjen Sutoyo Street using ArcGIS. The research method involves the collection of primary and secondary data, including the existing condition of drainage channels, rainfall data, topographic data, and land use information, which are then spatially analyzed using ArcGIS to identify drainage network characteristics, flow direction, and critical channel segments with the potential to cause inundation. The analysis is expected to provide an overview of the performance of the existing drainage system and the factors contributing to flooding within the study area. Furthermore, the findings are expected to serve as a basis for formulating technical recommendations, including increasing drainage channel capacity, improving drainage system maintenance, and implementing more effective land use management as part of flood mitigation efforts in Malang City. Keywords: drainage, analysis, evaluation, ArcGIS.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Dimas Yulianto, Azizah Rokhmawati, Ade Fitriyanti Ulul Azmi
STUDI EVALUASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH DI DESA MANDURO KECAMATAN KABUH KABUPATEN JOMBANG MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI WATERCAD V8i
Clean water is a basic necessity for domestic, social, and economic activities. With the projected population growth in Manduro Village, evaluating and developing the clean water distribution system is necessary to ensure sufficient water supply through 2036. This study aimed to evaluate the existing distribution network, project the future population, and analyze water demand and hydraulic performance using WaterCAD V8i. A quantitative descriptive method was applied through field surveys, literature review, and the collection of population, discharge, and topographic data. The existing system supplies 9.57 L/s of water to 3,527 residents through 97 junctions and an 8,383 m PVC pipeline network fed by three groundwater wells. Hydraulic simulation showed pressures between 321 and 971 kPa, meeting SNI 7509:2011 standards, while flow velocities ranged from 0.01 to 2.28 m/s, with low velocities occurring at the network ends. Population projection estimated 3,890 residents by 2036. The proposed network can supply 10.552 L/s through a direct pumping system using three groundwater wells and a 13,625 m pipeline network. Simulated pressures ranged from 380 to 970 kPa, while flow velocities varied from 0.00 to 2.83 m/s. Although several sections still exhibited low velocities, the proposed system is capable of meeting projected water demand through 2036, despite relying entirely on pumps because the storage reservoir is currently out of service due to leakage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Ar Ridho Wibowo, Eko Noerhayati, Budi Santoso
STUDI ANALISIS SUMBER DAYA AIR UMBULAN BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN SPSS (STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Mata Air Umbulan, yang terletak di Kecamatan Winongan, Kabupaten Pasuruan, merupakan salah satu sumber air tawar utama di Jawa Timur, yang berperan penting dalam menyediakan air bersih untuk keperluan rumah tangga dan irigasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air Mata Air Umbulan dengan menganalisis karakteristik fisik dan kimianya menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), nitrat, dan nitrit, yang dievaluasi berdasarkan standar kualitas yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. Sampel air dikumpulkan dari beberapa titik pengamatan dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan Analisis Varians (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, secara keseluruhan, kualitas air Mata Air Umbulan masih dalam standar yang dapat diterima untuk air minum. Namun, variasi kualitas air dipengaruhi oleh kondisi musiman dan aktivitas antropogenik yang terjadi di sekitar area mata air. Diharapkan temuan penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah untuk mendukung upaya pengelolaan dan konservasi sumber daya air yang berkelanjutan di Mata Air Umbulan. Kata kunci : Mata air Umbulan, kualitas air, SPSS, uji ANOVA. Mata Air Umbulan yang terletak di Kecamatan Winongan, Kabupaten Pasuruan, merupakan salah satu sumber air tawar utama di Jawa Timur yang berperan penting dalam penyediaan air bersih untuk kebutuhan domestik dan irigasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyalakan kualitas air Mata Air Umbulan melalui analisis karakteristik fisik dan kimia menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), nitrat, dan nitrit yang dievaluasi berdasarkan baku mutu yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. Sampel udara diambil dari beberapa titik pengamatan, kemudian diukur menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kualitas air Mata Air Umbulan masih memenuhi standar yang dipersyaratkan sebagai air minum. Namun demikian, terdapat variasi kualitas udara yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi musiman serta aktivitas antropogenik di sekitar kawasan mata air. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah yang mendukung upaya pengelolaan dan konservasi sumber daya air Mata Air Umbulan secara berkelanjutan. Kata kunci : Mata Air Umbulan, kualitas udara, SPSS, uji ANOVA.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Arika Nabila, Anita Rahmawati, Anita Rahmawati, Gilang Ramadhan Kolokikiye, Gilang Ramadhan Kolokikiye
ANALISIS SISTEM SANITASI DAN KUALITAS LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DI LEMBAGA PEMASYRAKATAN KELAS IIA KEDIRI
Sanitasi lingkungan merupakan aspek penting dalam menjaga kualitas lingkungan dan melindungi kesehatan masyarakat. Meningkatnya jumlah kompensasi di lembaga pemasyarakatan menyebabkan peningkatan volume air limbah domestik, yang dapat menyebabkan polusi lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem sanitasi yang ada, pembuangan pembuangan limbah domestik berdasarkan jumlah driver dan konsumsi air bersih, menyalakan kualitas air limbah menggunakan parameter pH, Kebutuhan Oksigen Biologis (BOD), Kebutuhan Oksigen Kimia (COD), dan Total Padatan Tersuspensi (TSS), serta menilai kepatuhannya terhadap Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 68 Tahun 2016. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan evaluatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan pengujian laboratorium. Sampel udara dikumpulkan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkiraan kebutuhan air bersih adalah 102,96 m³/hari, dengan perkiraan pembuangan air limbah domestik sebesar 82,37 m³/hari. Analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH 7,7 sesuai dengan standar kualitas yang berlaku, sedangkan BOD (162 mg/L), COD (780,5 mg/L), dan TSS (400 mg/L) melebihi batas yang diperbolehkan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun fasilitas sanitasi tersedia, pengelolaan air limbah domestik di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Kediri masih memerlukan perbaikan, khususnya melalui penerapan sistem pengolahan air limbah yang tepat sebelum dibuang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febriani Cinta Dean Nurmadinah, Anita Rahmawati, Anita Rahmawati, Jalaluddin Mubarok, Jalaluddin Mubarok
STUDI PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) SUSU SAPI PERAH PADA TPS SAWIRAN – KUD DADI JAYA PURWODADI KABUPATEN PASURUAN
Wastewater management is an important aspect in maintaining environmental quality, especially in the dairy industry which produces wastewater with high organic pollutant loads. The increasing activities of milk collection and equipment sanitation at TPS Sawiran–KUD Dadi Jaya Purwodadi, Pasuruan Regency, generate wastewater containing high concentrations of BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, oil, and grease that may cause environmental pollution if discharged without proper treatment. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of dairy wastewater, design a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) using an anaerobic–aerobic biofilter system, calculate the required construction cost, and evaluate the ability of the designed system to meet wastewater quality standards based on Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014. This research used a quantitative descriptive method through field observation, wastewater characteristic analysis, design calculations, and cost estimation. The designed WWTP consisted of a grease trap, equalization tank, primary sedimentation tank, anaerobic biofilter reactor, aerobic biofilter reactor, and final seidimeintation tank. Thei analysis reisults showeid that thei anaeirobic–aeirobic biofilteir systeim was capablei of reiducing pollutant conceintrations, with BOD deicreiasing from 484 mg/L to 0.79 mg/L, COD from 2,375.7 mg/L to 3.38 mg/L, TSS from 2,100 mg/L to 4.58 mg/L, and oil and greiasei from 940 mg/L to 8.1 mg/L, whilei ammonia and pH parameiteirs reimaineid unchangeid. Thei eistimateid construction cost of thei deisigneid WWTP was Rp33,088,889.93. Baseid on theisei reisults, thei proposeid anaeirobic–aeirobic biofilteir WWTP is consideireid feiasiblei as a wasteiwateir treiatmeint solution for TPS Sawiran in reiducing einvironmeintal pollution causeid by dairy wasteiwateir. Keiyword : Anaeirobic–Aeirobic Biofilteir, Wasteiwateir Treiatmeint Plant, Dairy Wasteiwateir, Wateir Pollution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Davina Jenika Martin, Anita Rahmawati, Jalaluddin Mubarok
STUDI ANALISIS KINERJA SIMPANG LIMA BERSINYAL PADA KASUS JALAN RAYA KRIAN MAGERSARI KECAMATAN KRIAN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO
Kemacetan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu masalah struktural dan operasional utama di koridor perkotaan dan semi-perkotaan utama di Indonesia. Fenomena ini tergambar jelas di Persimpangan Lima Arah Krian Magersari di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, sebuah simpul logistik penting yang menghubungkan Surabaya, Mojokerto, dan wilayah strategis sekitarnya. Volume kendaraan yang tinggi, pola geometris yang kompleks, siklus sinyal yang suboptimal, dan parameter gesekan samping yang intens berkontribusi signifikan terhadap kemacetan geometris, keterlambatan kendaraan yang parah, dan antrean yang memanjang selama jam sibuk. Studi ini mengevaluasi kinerja operasional persimpangan menggunakan kerangka Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 2023 (PKJI 2023) yang terintegrasi dengan analisis mikro-simulasi melalui perangkat lunak PTV Vissim. Analisis diagnostik lingkungan operasional dasar (yang ada) menunjukkan kondisi yang sangat jenuh dengan Derajat Kejenuhan (DS) melebihi 1,0 di seluruh pendekatan utama, menghasilkan tingkat Pelayanan (LOS) sistemik grade F, ditandai dengan keterlambatan rata-rata lebih dari 60 detik per kendaraan. Untuk mengurangi kekurangan kinerja kritis ini, intervensi teknik dirumuskan dan dievaluasi. Skenario desain yang dioptimalkan memperkenalkan pelebaran jalan geometris wajib 1 meter pada lajur pendekatan kritis yang dipadukan dengan penyesuaian operasional struktur pengaturan waktu sinyal lalu lintas (APILL) ke tata letak siklus tetap 120 detik yang seimbang. Hasil simulasi mikro dan derivasi matematis mengkonfirmasi bahwa implementasi gabungan pelebaran 1 meter dan optimasi sinyal secara efektif menurunkan Derajat Saturasi di bawah ambang batas 0,85, secara drastis menurunkan penundaan persimpangan rata-rata, dan berhasil meningkatkan kinerja ke Tingkat Layanan (LOS) C dan D yang sangat dapat diterima. Studi ini menyediakan templat empiris untuk rehabilitasi geometris dan operasional persimpangan kompleks. Kata kunci: Kinerja persimpangan, PKJI 2023, PTV Vissim, Pelebaran jalan, Optimasi sinyal, Tingkat Layanan (LOS). Traffic congestion is one of the main structural and operational problems in major urban and semi-urban corridors in Indonesia. This phenomenon is vividly illustrated at the Krian Magersari Five-Way Signalized Intersection in Sidoarjo Regency, a critical logistical node connecting Surabaya, Mojokerto, and adjacent strategic regions. High vehicle volumes, compound geometric patterns, sub-optimal signal cycles, and intense side friction parameters contribute significantly to geometric gridlocks, severe vehicle delays, and elongated queue propagation during peak hours. This study evaluates the operational performance of the intersection using the 2023 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia / PKJI 2023) framework integrated with micro-simulation analysis via PTV Vissim software. The diagnostic analysis of the baseline (existing) operational environment indicated highly saturated conditions with a Degree of Saturation (DS) exceeding 1.0 across major approaches, resulting in a systemic Level of Service (LOS) grade of F, marked by an average delay greater than 60 seconds per vehicle. To mitigate this critical performance deficiency, engineering interventions were formulated and evaluated. The optimized design scenario introduces a mandatory 1-meter geometric road widening on the critical approach lanes coupled with an operational adjustments of the traffic signal (APILL) timing structure to a balanced fixed 120-second cycle layout. Micro-simulation output and mathematical derivations confirmed that the joint implementation of the 1-meter widening and signal optimization effectively drops the Degree of Saturation below the threshold of 0.85, drastically lowers average intersection delays, and successfully elevates the performance to a highly acceptable Level of Service (LOS) C and D. This study provides an empirical template for geometric and operational rehabilitation of complex intersections. Keywords: Intersection performance, PKJI 2023, PTV Vissim, Road widening, Signal optimization, Level of Service (LOS).
Copyright (c) 2026 Habib Nurul Qomar, Anang Bakhtiar, Anang Bakhtiar, Anang Bakhtiar, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Anang Bakhtiar, Anang Bakhtiar, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Ita Suhermin Ingsih
ANALISIS RISIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE JSA DAN FMEA (STUDI KASUS PADA PROYEK AREA RME DI PT MURIA SUMBA MANIS)
Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di Indonesia masih tampak terabaikan, salah satu penyebab insiden ini adalah implementasi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang suboptimal, khususnya perilaku masyarakat industri. Dilaporkan dari data Badan Administrasi Asuransi Kesehatan (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan), terdapat 221.740 kasus kecelakaan kerja pada tahun 2020 dan 234.370 pada tahun 2021. Pada akhir Agustus 2022, jumlahnya meningkat menjadi 239.000 kasus. Mengabaikan pedoman Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dapat memicu kecelakaan. Oleh karena itu, manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) dalam proyek memainkan peran penting dalam perencanaan dan pengendalian proyek. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam proyek pembangunan Pabrik PT. Muria Sumba Timur menggunakan dua metode: FMEA dan JSA. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah ditentukan, tingkat risiko kecelakaan kerja dibagi menjadi kategori Risiko Rendah, Sedang, dan Tinggi. Risiko kecelakaan kerja tertinggi di proyek area RME PT Muria Sumba Manis ditemukan pada pekerjaan rumah pompa dan panel, khususnya aktivitas beton berupa risiko tertusuk paku dan kayu dengan nilai RPN tertinggi sebesar 97423,87. Risiko dominan terjadi karena kelalaian pekerja dalam menggunakan APD. Sementara itu, metode JSA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 aktivitas dengan kategori risiko tinggi dan 14 aktivitas dengan kategori risiko sedang pada pekerjaan tanah, rumah pompa dan panel, serta pekerjaan listrik di area RME. Occupational safety and health in Indonesia still appears to be neglected, one of the causes of this incident is the suboptimal implementation of occupational health and safety, particularly the behavior of the industrial community. Reported from data from the Health Insurance Administration Agency (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan), there were 221,740 cases of workplace accidents in 2020 and 234,370 in 2021. By the end of August 2022, the number had increased to 239,000 cases. Ignoring Occupational Safety and Health (K3) guidelines can trigger accidents. Therefore, occupational safety and health (K3) management in projects plays a crucial role in project planning and control. The research method used in the PT. Muria Sumba Timur Factory construction project uses two methods: FMEA and JSA. Based on the results of the predetermined analysis, the level of occupational accident risk is divided into Low, Medium, and High Risk categories. The highest risk of work accidents in the RME area project at PT Muria Sumba Manis is found in pump house and panel work, especially concrete activities in the form of risks of being pierced by nails and wood with the highest RPN value of 97423.87. The dominant risk occurs due to worker negligence in using PPE. Meanwhile, the JSA method shows that there are 7 activities with a high risk category and 14 activities with a medium risk category in earthworks, pump houses and panels, and electrical work in the RME area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nashrul Auliya Farhan, Ita Suhermin Ingsing, Ita Suhermin Ingsing, A Aasniari, A Aasniari
ANALISIS STABILITAS LERENG MENGGUNAKAN PERKUATAN SHOTCRETE DAN ROCKBOLT STUDI KASUS KELONGSORAN LERENG INSPECTION ADIT PROYEK PLTA UPPER CISOKAN PUMPED STORAGE 1.040 MW
Indonesia is currently experiencing rapid infrastructure development as an effort to support national economic growth, one of which is through the construction of the Upper Cisokan hydropower project in West Java. This project is the first hydropower plant in Indonesia to implement pumped storage technology with a capacity of 1,040 MW. One of the key areas in the project is the Adit Inspection, which serves as a surge tank maintenance access. In this area, there is slope construction which has an important role in supporting safety and smooth work. However, the slopes in the area experienced landslides that had the potential to disrupt the sustainability of the project. Landslides on slopes generally occur due to disturbances in soil or rock stability influenced by geological conditions and slope geometry. The landslide on the slope of Inspection Adit was influenced by several factors, namely poor quality soil and rock conditions consisting of class Va, Vb, and IV rocks, a very steep slope of 1:0.4, and the use of shotcrete and rockbolt reinforcement which has not been able to prevent slope failure. The relatively rigid nature of shotcrete and prone to cracking due to the pulling force and reinforcement of shotcrete is only a delay in collapse so that it still causes the effectiveness of reinforcement not to be a solution to these conditions. Therefore, this study needs to be carried out to find out the geometric and geotechnical characteristics of the slopes that landslides occur, this study is also carried out to determine the total value of safety factors and total slope displacements. This study was carried out by redesigning the slope that occurred by landslides using shotcrete and rockbolt percocation, this study used the finite element method in the form of 3D plaxis software.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agio Kurnia Afriraya, Reny Rochmawati, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
PERENCANAAN PERKUATAN DAN ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN BIAYA PADA METODE SOIL NAILING DAN GEOTEKSTIL DI LERENG EKSISTING STA 13±680 DUSUN BANARAN DESA DEPOK KECAMATAN BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK
<div id="tw-container" class="nev7se" data-cp="1" data-nnttsvi="1" data-sletp="false" data-sm="1" data-ssbp="true" data-sugg-time="500" data-sugg-url="https://clients1.google.com/complete/search" data-uilc="id" data-vil=",af,af-ZA,am,am-ET,ar-EG,ar-AE,ar-KW,ar-QA,ar,ar-IL,ar-JO,ar-LB,ar-PS,az,az-AZ,bg,bg-BG,bn,bn-BD,bn-IN,ca,ca-es,cs,cs-CZ,de,de-DE,de-CH,de-AT,de-LI,en,en-US,en-CA,en-AU,en-NZ,en-GB,en-IN,en-KE,en-TZ,en-NG,en-GH,en-PH,en-ZA,es,es-ES,es-AR,es-UY,es-419,es-BO,es-CL,es-CR,es-CO,es-DO,es-EC,es-GT,es-HN,es-NI,es-PA,es-PE,es-PR,es-PY,es-SV,es-VE,es-MX,es-US,eu,eu-ES,fi,fi-FI,fr,fr-FR,fr-CH,fr-BE,gl,gl-ES,gu,gu-IN,he,he-IL,iw,iw-IL,hu,hu-HU,hy,hy-AM,id,id-ID,is,is-IS,it,it-IT,it-CH,ja,ja-JP,jv,jv-ID,ka,ka-GE,km,km-KH,kn,kn-IN,ko,ko-KR,la,lo,lo-LA,lv,lv-LV,ml,ml-IN,mr,mr-IN,ms,ms-MY,nl,nl-NL,nb,nb-NO,ne,ne-NP,pl,pl-PL,pt,pt-BR,pt-PT,ro,ro-RO,ru,ru-RU,si-LK,sk,sk-SK,sr,sr-RS,su,su-ID,sv,sv-SE,sw,sw-TZ,sw-KE,ta,ta-IN,ta-SG,ta-LK,ta-MY,te,te-IN,tr,tr-TR,ur,ur-PK,ur-IN,yue,yue-HK,yue-Hant-HK,zh-HK,zh,zh-CN,zh-cmn,zh-cmn-CN,zh-Hans,zh-Hans-CN,zh-cmn-Hans,zh-cmn-Hans-CN,cmn-CN,cmn-Hans,cmn-Hans-CN,zh-TW,zh-Hant-TW,cmn-TW,cmn-Hant-TW,zh-cmn-TW,zh-cmn-Hant-TW,zu,zu-ZA,hi,hi-IN,tl,tl-PH,pa,pa-IN"> ABSTRAK Kecamatan Bendungan, Kabupaten Trenggalek, merupakan wilayah dengan topografi curam dan tingkat kejenuhan tanah yang tinggi, sehingga rentan terhadap bencana tanah longsor. Lereng yang ada di STA 13+680, Dusun Banaran, Desa Depok, teridentifikasi berada dalam kondisi kritis dan memerlukan penanganan geoteknik berupa perkuatan lereng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem perkuatan menggunakan dua alternatif, yaitu soil nailing dan geotekstil, serta membandingkan kinerja teknis dan biaya konstruksi kedua metode tersebut. Analisis stabilitas dilakukan menggunakan Metode Kesetimbangan Batas (Limit Equilibrium Method) Bishop dalam perangkat lunak GeoStudio SLOPE/W, sedangkan estimasi biaya disusun berdasarkan Analisis Harga Satuan Pekerjaan (AHSP) dan Standar Satuan Harga (SSH) Kabupaten Trenggalek tahun 2026. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa perkuatan soil nailing menggunakan 11 baris nail (panjang bervariasi antara 10–20 m, kemiringan 20°) menghasilkan Faktor Keamanan (FoS) sebesar 1,671, sedangkan perkuatan geotekstil anyam (woven) sebanyak 34 lapis menghasilkan FoS sebesar 1,634; keduanya memenuhi syarat minimum FoS ≥ 1,5. Dari segi biaya, total anggaran (RAB) untuk soil nailing sebesar Rp950.823.693,96, sedangkan metode geotekstil sebesar Rp1.768.419.291,02, sehingga terdapat selisih sebesar Rp817.595.597,06 atau setara dengan penghematan biaya sebesar 46,23% jika metode soil nailing diterapkan. Berdasarkan pertimbangan teknis dan ekonomis tersebut, soil nailing direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif perkuatan yang paling optimal untuk lereng yang diteliti. Kata kunci: stabilitas lereng, soil nailing, geotekstil, faktor keamanan, GeoStudio, estimasi biaya ABSTRACT Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency is an area with steep topography and high soil saturation, making it prone to landslide disasters. The existing slope at STA 13±680, Banaran Hamlet, Depok Village was identified as being in a critical condition, requiring geotechnical treatment in the form of slope reinforcement. This study aims to design a reinforcement system using two alternatives, namely soil nailing and geotextile, and to compare the technical performance and construction cost of both methods. Stability analysis was performed using the Bishop Limit Equilibrium Method in GeoStudio SLOPE/W, while cost estimation was prepared based on the Unit Price Analysis (AHSP) and Standard Unit Price (SSH) of Trenggalek Regency for the year 2026. The modelling results show that soil nailing reinforcement using 11 rows of nails (length varying from 10-20 m, inclination of 20°) produced a Factor of Safety (FoS) of 1.671, while a 34-layer woven geotextile reinforcement produced a FoS of 1.634; both satisfy the minimum requirement of FoS ≥ 1.5. In terms of cost, the total budget (RAB) for soil nailing amounted to IDR 950,823,693.96, while the geotextile method amounted to IDR 1,768,419,291,02, resulting in a difference of IDR 817,595,597.06, equivalent to a 46.23% cost saving when soil nailing is adopted. Based on these technical and economic considerations, soil nailing is recommended as the most optimal reinforcement alternative for the studied slope. Keywords: slope stability, soil nailing, geotextile, factor of safety, GeoStudio, cost estimation
Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Eka Adelia Rahmawati, Reny Rochmawati, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
PRIORITAS PERBAIKAN RUAS JALAN PRINGKUKU-DERSONO KABUPATEN PACITAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PROVINCIAL/KABUPATEN ROAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PKRMS) DAN METODE SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX (SDI)
The Pringkuku–Dersono road section is a district road of approximately 10.19 km in Pacitan Regency, East Java, which plays an important role in inter-district connectivity. This study aims to identify pavement distress types, evaluate pavement condition, and determine repair priorities using the Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Provincial/Kabupaten Road Management System (PKRMS) methods, as well as to visualize the results using Geographic Information System (GIS). Field surveys were conducted to collect primary data including road inventory and pavement condition data. SDI analysis produced distress index values per 100 m segment, while PKRMS used the Treatment Trigger Index (TTI). Spatial visualization was performed using ArcGIS for SDI and QGIS for PKRMS. The study identified eight types of distress: depression crack, other cracks, patching, rutting, ravelling, edge damage, potholes, and disintegration. SDI results showed 80.37% good, 4.91% fair, 9.81% mildly damaged, and 4.91% severely damaged conditions, with a maintainability level of 85.28%. PKRMS results showed 43.18% good, 33.27% fair, 14.72% mildly damaged, and 8.83% severely damaged conditions, with a maintainability level of 76.45%. Under SDI, treatment ranges from routine maintenance for good segments to reconstruction for severely damaged segments (4.91%), whereas under PKRMS, good and fair segments both receive routine maintenance while severely damaged segments (8.83%) require rehabilitation/reconstruction. PKRMS proved more sensitive in detecting pavement degradation, identifying more unstable pavement (23.55%) than SDI (14.72%), and is recommended as the primary method for this study. Ruas jalan Pringkuku–Dersono merupakan jalan kabupaten sepanjang kurang lebih 10,19 km di Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur, yang berperan penting dalam konektivitas antarkecamatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kerusakan perkerasan, mengevaluasi kondisi perkerasan, dan menentukan prioritas penanganan menggunakan metode Surface Distress Index (SDI) dan Provincial/Kabupaten Road Management System (PKRMS), serta memvisualisasikan hasilnya menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Survei lapangan dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data primer, meliputi data inventarisasi jalan dan data kondisi perkerasan. Analisis SDI menghasilkan nilai indeks kerusakan per segmen 100 m, sedangkan PKRMS menggunakan Treatment Trigger Index (TTI). Visualisasi spasial dilakukan menggunakan ArcGIS untuk SDI dan QGIS untuk PKRMS. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi delapan jenis kerusakan, yaitu retak penurunan (depression crack), retak lainnya (other cracks), tambalan (patching), alur (rutting), pelepasan butir (ravelling), kerusakan tepi (edge damage), lubang (potholes), dan disintegrasi (disintegration). Hasil SDI menunjukkan kondisi baik sebesar 80,37%, sedang 4,91%, rusak ringan 9,81%, dan rusak berat 4,91%, dengan tingkat kemantapan jalan sebesar 85,28%. Hasil PKRMS menunjukkan kondisi baik sebesar 43,18%, sedang 33,27%, rusak ringan 14,72%, dan rusak berat 8,83%, dengan tingkat kemantapan jalan sebesar 76,45%. Berdasarkan metode SDI, penanganan yang diberikan berkisar dari pemeliharaan rutin untuk segmen dengan kondisi baik hingga rekonstruksi untuk segmen dengan kondisi rusak berat (4,91%), sedangkan pada metode PKRMS, segmen dengan kondisi baik dan sedang sama-sama mendapatkan penanganan pemeliharaan rutin, sementara segmen dengan kondisi rusak berat (8,83%) memerlukan penanganan rehabilitasi/rekonstruksi. Metode PKRMS terbukti lebih sensitif dalam mendeteksi penurunan kondisi perkerasan, dengan mengidentifikasi persentase perkerasan tidak mantap yang lebih besar (23,55%) dibandingkan metode SDI (14,72%), sehingga direkomendasikan sebagai metode utama dalam penelitian ini.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julaikha Noer Wulandari, Anang Bakhtiar, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
OPTIMALISASI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM MENUNJANG KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN PESISIR KOTA PASURUAN
ABSTRAK Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) memegang peranan penting dalam menjaga kualitas lingkungan dan mendukung kawasan permukiman berkelanjutan di wilayah pesisir Kota Pasuruan. Namun, meningkatnya alih fungsi lahan dan pembangunan perkotaan telah mengurangi ketersediaan RTH serta memengaruhi kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi eksisting RTH pesisir, mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman melalui pengelolaan RTH yang efektif, serta mengidentifikasi potensi pengembangan RTH di wilayah pesisir Kota Pasuruan. Pendekatan metode campuran (mixed methods) digunakan dengan mengintegrasikan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) berdasarkan data kuesioner, sedangkan analisis spasial dilakukan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas RTH eksisting mencapai 1.667.855 m², dengan potensi pengembangan sebesar 200.077,9 m². Analisis PLS-SEM mengindikasikan bahwa kondisi RTH berpengaruh positif terhadap pengelolaan RTH yang efektif, sementara pengelolaan yang efektif berdampak positif terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman. Analisis spasial juga mengidentifikasi lahan potensial yang sesuai untuk pengembangan RTH guna meningkatkan fungsi ekologis dan memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, optimalisasi RTH melalui pengelolaan yang efektif dan pemanfaatan lahan potensial dapat mendukung peningkatan kualitas lingkungan permukiman secara berkelanjutan di wilayah pesisir Kota Pasuruan. ABSTRACT Green Open Space (GOS) plays an important role in maintaining environmental quality and supporting sustainable residential areas in the coastal region of Pasuruan City. However, increasing land conversion and urban development have reduced the availability of green open space and affected environmental quality. This study aimed to analyze the existing condition of coastal Green Open Space, examine its influence on residential environmental quality through effective Green Open Space management, and identify the potential for Green Open Space development in the coastal area of Pasuruan City. A mixed methods approach was employed by integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) based on questionnaire data, while spatial analysis was performed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the existing Green Open Space covered 1,667,855 m², with a development potential of 200,077.9 m². The PLS-SEM analysis indicated that the condition of Green Open Space positively influenced effective Green Open Space management, while effective management positively affected residential environmental quality. Spatial analysis also identified potential land suitable for Green Open Space development to enhance ecological functions and improve environmental quality. Therefore, optimizing Green Open Space through effective management and the utilization of potential land can support sustainable improvements in residential environmental quality in the coastal area of Pasuruan City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustia Dwi Saputri, Anita Rahmawati
STUDI ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN AIR DENGAN CROPWAT 8.0 & PERSEDIAAN AIR DENGAN METODE FJ.MOCK DAERAH IRIGASI BANYULANGSE KECAMATAN SEMANDING KABUPATEN TUBAN
Daerah Irigasi Banyulangse di Kecamatan Semanding, Kabupaten Tuban, memiliki luas 867,73 ha dan mengalami kekurangan air pada musim kemarau. Penelitian ini menganalisis kebutuhan air irigasi, ketersediaan air, dan neraca air menggunakan CROPWAT 8.0 (Penman–Monteith) dan metode F.J. Mock berdasarkan data curah hujan dan klimatologi. Kebutuhan air irigasi tertinggi sebesar 1,929 L/detik terjadi pada periode III bulan April, sedangkan terendah sebesar 0,061 L/detik terjadi pada periode III bulan Agustus, dengan total kebutuhan tahunan sebesar 14 L/detik. Ketersediaan air berkisar antara 0,275–3,200 L/detik, dengan total tahunan sebesar 41,649 L/detik. Defisit air terjadi pada periode III bulan Oktober serta periode I dan II bulan Desember, namun dapat diatasi melalui penerapan sistem pemberian air secara bergilir dengan pola tanam padi–padi–palawija. The Banyulangse Irrigation Area in Semanding District, Tuban Regency, covers 867.73 ha and experiences water shortages during the dry season. This study analyzed irrigation water requirements, water availability, and the water balance using CROPWAT 8.0 (Penman–Monteith) and the F.J. Mock method based on rainfall and climatological data. The highest irrigation water requirement was 1.929 L/s in the third period of April and the lowest was 0.061 L/s in the third period of August, totaling 14 L/s annually. Water availability ranged from 0.275 to 3.200 L/s, with an annual total of 41.649 L/s. Water deficits occurred in the third period of October and the first and second periods of December but were mitigated through rotational irrigation scheduling under the paddy–paddy–crops.
Copyright (c) 2026 Krisna Ardhi Abdullah, Eko Noerhayati, Budi Santoso
EFISIENSI KONTRUKSI GRILL DRAINASE DALAM MENGURANGI BANJIR PERKOTAAN ( STUDI KASUS : JL. SOEKARNO HATTA KOTA MALANG )
Banjir dan genangan air tetap menjadi masalah utama di daerah perkotaan karena peningkatan limpasan permukaan yang tidak diimbangi oleh kinerja sistem drainase yang memadai. Di Kota Malang, khususnya di Jalan Soekarno Hatta, genangan sering terjadi saat hujan lebat, menunjukkan bahwa sistem drainase yang ada belum berfungsi secara optimal. Selain kapasitas saluran, komponen drainase seperti saluran masuk kisi-kisi memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan efektivitas aliran air hujan. Kisi-kisi drainase berfungsi sebagai saluran masuk dan filter awal untuk puing-puing; namun, desain yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan hambatan aliran, peningkatan kehilangan energi, dan penyumbatan, yang memperburuk genangan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi berbagai desain kisi-kisi drainase dalam hal debit aliran, kapasitas saluran, dan kehilangan energi, serta untuk membandingkan kinerja beberapa jenis kisi-kisi dengan kondisi tanpa kisi-kisi sebagai referensi untuk perencanaan drainase perkotaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D) dengan pendekatan analisis hidrologi dan hidraulik. Tahapan penelitian meliputi: mengidentifikasi kondisi yang ada, merancang variasi kisi drainase, dan mengevaluasi kinerjanya melalui analisis debit limpasan, kapasitas saluran, kapasitas saluran masuk, dan kehilangan tekanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi aliran dipengaruhi oleh luas bukaan efektif kisi. Tipe 4 memiliki debit tertinggi (0,0756 m³/s), sedangkan Tipe 2 paling optimal (0,0739 m³/s; 6,45%), diikuti oleh Tipe 1 (0,0672 m³/s), dan Tipe 3 memiliki kinerja terendah (0,0483 m³/s; Ae 0,1152 m²). Akumulasi limbah mengurangi efisiensi hingga 50–90%. Pada intensitas curah hujan 376,5 mm/jam, Tipe 2 paling efektif dalam memenuhi kapasitas saluran 1,146 m³/s tanpa menyebabkan banjir. Oleh karena itu, Tipe 2 direkomendasikan dan dapat dioptimalkan lebih lanjut melalui implementasi drainase ramah lingkungan, mengurangi limpasan sebesar 20% (0,229 m³/s) dengan debit sisa 0,917 m³/s. Flooding and water inundation remain major problems in urban areas due to increased surface runoff that is not balanced by adequate drainage system performance. In Malang City, particularly on Soekarno Hatta Street, inundation frequently occurs during heavy rainfall, indicating that the existing drainage system has not functioned optimally. In addition to channel capacity, drainage components such as grill inlets play an important role in determining the effectiveness of stormwater flow. Drainage grills function as inlets and initial filters for debris; however, improper design can cause flow obstruction, increased energy loss, and clogging, which worsen inundation. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of various drainage grill designs in terms of flow discharge, channel capacity, and energy loss, as well as to compare the performance of several grill types with conditions without grills as a reference for urban drainage planning. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with hydrological and hydraulic analysis approaches. The research stages include identifying existing conditions, designing variations of drainage grills, and evaluating their performance through runoff discharge, channel capacity, inlet capacity, and head loss analysis. The results show that flow efficiency is influenced by the effective opening area of the grill. Type 4 has the highest discharge (0.0756 m³/s), while Type 2 is the most optimal (0.0739 m³/s; 6.45%), followed by Type 1 (0.0672 m³/s), and Type 3 has the lowest performance (0.0483 m³/s; Ae 0.1152 m²). Waste accumulation reduces efficiency by up to 50–90%. Under a rainfall intensity of 376.5 mm/hour, Type 2 is the most effective in meeting the channel capacity of 1.146 m³/s without causing inundation. Therefore, Type 2 is recommended and can be further optimized through eco-drainage implementation, reducing runoff by 20% (0.229 m³/s) with a remaining discharge of 0.917 m³/s.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nanda Difa Cahyani, Azizah Rokhmawati, Ade Fitriyanti Ulul Azmi
ANALISA INDEKS KINERJA SISTEM JARINGAN IRIGASI PADA DAERAH IRIGASI BENDUNGAN GAPIT KECAMATAN EMPANG KABUPATEN SUMBAWA
Bendungan Gapit merupakan infrastruktur irigasi yang memegang peranan penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan air pertanian di Kecamatan Empang, Kabupaten Sumbawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Bendungan Gapit melalui analisis ketersediaan air, kondisi fisik infrastruktur, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas operasionalnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menganalisis curah hujan efektif, debit andalan (Q80), kebutuhan air irigasi (NFR), dan neraca air. Selain itu, dilakukan penilaian kondisi fisik infrastruktur berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 12/PRT/M/2015, serta pembobotan faktor penentu kinerja menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi teknis merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja bendungan dengan bobot 52,44%, diikuti oleh aspek operasi dan pemeliharaan sebesar 25,28%, ketersediaan air sebesar 14,70%, dan layanan irigasi sebesar 7,59%. Evaluasi kondisi fisik infrastruktur menghasilkan skor rata-rata 82,50% yang dikategorikan sangat baik, meskipun Struktur Sadap Tersier dan Struktur Sadap Sekunder masih memerlukan perbaikan. Analisis neraca air menunjukkan bahwa debit andalan sebesar 3,894 m³/detik mampu memenuhi kebutuhan irigasi sepanjang sebagian besar tahun, namun masih terdapat defisit air sebesar 9,1% pada bulan November, sehingga diperlukan perbaikan pada infrastruktur distribusi air dan pengaturan pola tanam. The Gapit Dam is an irrigation infrastructure that plays a crucial role in meeting agricultural water needs in Empang District, Sumbawa Regency. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Gapit Dam through an analysis of water availability, physical infrastructure conditions, and factors influencing its operational effectiveness. The study used a quantitative approach, analyzing effective rainfall, reliable discharge (Q80), irrigation water demand (NFR), and the water balance. Additionally, an assessment of the physical infrastructure condition was conducted based on Ministerial Regulation of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Number 12/PRT/M/2015, and the weighting of performance determining factors using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results indicate that technical conditions are the most influential factor affecting dam performance, with a weighting of 52.44%, followed by operational and maintenance aspects at 25.28%, water availability at 14.70%, and irrigation services at 7.59%. The evaluation of the physical infrastructure condition yielded an average score of 82.50%, which is categorized as very good, although the Tertiary Tapping Structure and Secondary Tapping Structure still require improvement. Water balance analysis shows that the mainstay discharge of 3,894 m³/sec is able to meet irrigation needs for most of the year, but there is still a water deficit of 9.1% in November, so that improvements to the water distribution infrastructure and cropping pattern regulation are needed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Febriyanti, Eko Noerhayati, Reny Rochmawati
STUDI PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN TPA TEGALSARI WLINGI DENGAN METODE SANITARY LANDFILL DI KECAMATAN WLINGI KABUPATEN BLITAR
Abstrak Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk dan pembangunan kota yang makin meningkat menyebabkan sampah perkotaan ikut naik dengan pesat. TPA Tegalasri di Kecamatan Wlingi saat ini masih memakai sistem controlled landfill, yang tetap memunculkan masalah lingkungan seperti bau tak sedap, lalat, dan pencemaran lindi (leachate).Ringkasan PenelitianTujuan: Menghitung timbulan sampah, menilai kapasitas TPA, serta merancang sistem sanitary landfill yang meliputi alas TPA, kestabilan lereng, penangkapan gas, dan pengolahan lindi.Metode: Menggunakan data primer (timbulan sampah, kepadatan sampah, jumlah penduduk) serta data sekunder (karakteristik TPA, peta wilayah, air, dan tanah).Hasil: Rata-rata timbulan sampah sebesar 0,393 kg/orang/hari dengan umur layanan TPA selama 10 tahun yang terbagi dalam tiga zona ukuran 130 m × 30 m.Sistem Sarana TPAGas Tpa: Memakai pipa berlubang HDPE pada kedalaman 12 meter.Pengolahan Lindi: Menggunakan pipa ukuran 2 sampai 6 inci serta empat kolam pengolahan yaitu kolam penampung, kolam anaerobik, kolam fakultatif, dan kolam pematangan.Manfaat: Desain baru ini diharapkan bisa memperbaiki pengelolaan sampah, menekan polusi lingkungan, dan membuat operasional TPA menjadi lebih aman serta berkelanjutan.Kata Kunci: Sanitary landfill, timbulan sampah, kapasitas TPA, gas TPA, pengolahan lindi. Abstract The increasing growth of population and urban development has led to a significant rise in municipal solid waste generation. Tegalasri Landfill in Wlingi District currently operates using a controlled landfill system, which still causes environmental problems such as odor, flies, and leachate pollution. Therefore, this study proposes the implementation of a sanitary landfill system as a more effective and environmentally friendly waste management method. This study aims to determine waste generation, evaluate landfill capacity, and design a sanitary landfill system consisting of the landfill base liner, slope stability, landfill gas collection, and leachate drainage and treatment system. The study utilized both primary data (waste generation, waste density, and population) and secondary data (landfill characteristics, demographic, hydrological, and topographical data). The collected data were analyzed using the arithmetic population projection method, waste generation analysis, landfill capacity calculation, landfill design, slope stability evaluation, landfill gas collection design, and leachate drainage and treatment planning. The results showed that the average waste generation was 0.393 kg/person/day. The landfill was designed with three landfill phases, each measuring 130 m × 30 m, providing a service life of 10 years. The landfill gas collection system uses HDPE perforated pipesinstalled at a depth of 12 m, while the leachate management system consists of pipelines with diameters ranging from 2 to 6 inches and four treatment ponds: a collection pond, an anaerobic pond, a facultative pond, and a maturation pond. The proposed sanitary landfill design is expected to improve waste management performance by increasing landfill capacity, controlling landfill gas emissions, and treating leachate effectively. These improvements will help reduce environmental pollution, enhance operational efficiency, and provide a sustainable waste management system for the Tegalasri Landfill over its planned service life. Keywords: Sanitary landfill, waste generation, landfill capacity, landfill gas, leachate treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zaenul Mustofa
STUDI EVALUASI DISTRIBUSI AIR IRIGASI PADA JARINGAN IRIGASI DESA WAEKASAR KABUPATEN BURU MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE CROPWAT 8.0
Suboptimal irrigation water distribution in Waekasar Village has reduced the ability of the irrigation network to meet crop water requirements due to channel deterioration. This study evaluated irrigation water demand, existing channel conditions, and crop water requirements using Cropwat 8.0. The research employed hydrological analysis based on ten years of rainfall and climatic data, followed by evapotranspiration and crop water requirement calculations using the Penman–Monteith method in Cropwat 8.0. The results showed that the maximum irrigation water requirement (DR) was 2.92 L/s/ha, with a Net Field Requirement (NFR) of 1.90 L/s/ha during the third period of October. Cropwat 8.0 produced a reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) of 4.77 mm/day and a Crop Water Requirement (CWR) The crop water requirement was 4.96 mm/day in Planting Season 01, 4.52 mm/day in Planting Season 02, and 4.96 mm/day in Planting Season 03. Furthermore, all seven existing irrigation canals were found to be incapable of conveying the required design discharge, indicating the need for canal improvement. These findings can serve as a reference for improving irrigation management and enhancing water distribution efficiency in the Waekasar Irrigation Area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadly Abdurahman Oey, Eko Noerhayati, Aasniari Aasniari
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN PERKERASAN KAKU (RIGID PAVEMENT) MENGGUNAKAN METODE AASHTO 1993 DAN MDPJ 2024 PADA RUAS JALAN TAMANASRI - PANTAI LICIN AMPELGADING KABUPATEN MALANG
ABSTRAK Ruas Jalan Tamanasri–Pantai Licin, Kecamatan Ampelgading, Kabupaten Malang merupakan jalur penghubung kawasan permukiman, pertanian, dan pariwisata yang mengalami peningkatan volume lalu lintas, khususnya kendaraan berat, sehingga diperlukan perencanaan peningkatan perkerasan yang mampu memberikan pelayanan optimal selama umur rencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai CBR tanah dasar, menghitung LHR dan lalu lintas rencana, menentukan tebal perkerasan kaku menggunakan metode AASHTO 1993 dan MDPJ 2024, serta membandingkan hasil desain kedua metode tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data primer berupa survei lapangan dan data sekunder berupa data lalu lintas, tanah dasar, serta pedoman perencanaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai CBR tanah dasar sebesar 5,2%, LHR sebesar 2.356 kendaraan/hari, beban lalu lintas rencana sebesar 1,86 × 10⁷ JSKN pada metode MDPJ 2024 dan 1,57 × 10⁷ ESAL pada metode AASHTO 1993 selama umur rencana 30 tahun. Perencanaan dengan kedua metode menghasilkan perkerasan kaku tipe Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) dengan tebal pelat beton yang sama, yaitu 250 mm, sedangkan evaluasi metode MDPJ 2024 menghasilkan nilai fatigue sebesar 3,90% dan erosi sebesar 32,08% yang masih memenuhi persyaratan desain. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode AASHTO 1993 dan MDPJ 2024 menghasilkan desain perkerasan yang aman dan layak diterapkan. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar penelitian selanjutnya menggunakan data lalu lintas yang lebih panjang, melakukan pengujian tanah dasar pada lebih banyak titik, serta membandingkan dengan metode perencanaan perkerasan lainnya untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih komprehensif. Kata Kunci: Perkerasan Kaku, AASHTO 1993, MDPJ 2024, CBR, LHR. Abstract The Tamanasri–Pantai Licin Road Section in Ampelgading District, Malang Regency serves as an important transportation corridor connecting residential, agricultural, and tourism areas. The increasing traffic volume, particularly heavy vehicles, has resulted in the need for pavement improvement planning capable of providing optimal service throughout the design life. This study aims to determine the subgrade California Bearing Ratio (CBR), calculate the Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and design traffic load, determine the rigid pavement thickness using the AASHTO 1993 and MDPJ 2024 methods, and compare the design results obtained from both methods. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using primary data collected through field surveys and secondary data consisting of traffic data, subgrade characteristics, and pavement design guidelines. The results indicate that the subgrade CBR value is 5.2%, with an ADT of 2,356 vehicles per day. The design traffic load was calculated as 1.86 × 10⁷ JSKN using the MDPJ 2024 method and 1.57 × 10⁷ ESAL using the AASHTO 1993 method for a 30-year design life. The pavement design results from both methods produced a Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) with thei samei concreitei slab thickneiss of 250 mm. Furtheirmorei, thei MDPJ 2024 eivaluation yieildeid fatiguei and eirosion valueis of 3.90% and 32.08%, reispeictiveily, which satisfy thei deisign reiquireimeints. It can bei concludeid that both thei AASHTO 1993 and MDPJ 2024 meithods producei safei and feiasiblei paveimeint deisigns. Theireiforei, futurei studieis arei reicommeindeid to utilizei longeir traffic obseirvation peiriods, conduct subgradei inveistigations at morei locations, and comparei additional paveimeint deisign meithods to obtain morei compreiheinsivei reisults. Keyword: Rigid Paveimeint, AASHTO 1993, MDPJ 2024, CBR, ADT.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ratri Dwi Wijayanti, Azizah Rokhmawati, Anang Bakhtiar
ANALISIS PERBAIKAN JALAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ASPHALT INSTITUTE PADA RUAS JL. DESA BRONGKOS - JL. DESA REJOSO, KABUPATEN BLITAR
ABSTRAK Jalan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mendukung aktivitas sehari-hari, khususnya dalam memfasilitasi mobilitas dan transportasi. Jalan yang berfungsi dengan baik harus mampu mengakomodasi kebutuhan lalu lintas, memenuhi standar kualitas yang telah ditetapkan, serta memiliki ketahanan struktur yang memadai. Berdasarkan klasifikasinya, ruas Jalan Brongkos–Rejoso termasuk dalam jalan kelas III dengan lebar 5,5 m dan panjang sekitar 5 km. Namun, adanya kendaraan yang melintas dengan muatan melebihi batas yang diizinkan telah menyebabkan kerusakan pada perkerasan di sepanjang ruas jalan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, metode Asphalt Institute diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi perkerasan dan menentukan strategi penanganan yang tepat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai kondisi perkerasan terendah terdapat pada Segmen 4 (STA 1+500–2+000) dengan nilai kondisi sebesar 99,88%, sedangkan nilai kondisi tertinggi terdapat pada Segmen 9 (STA 4+000–4+500) dengan nilai kondisi sebesar 99,98%. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tersebut, penanganan yang paling sesuai untuk ruas Jalan Brongkos–Rejoso di Kabupaten Blitar adalah pemeliharaan rutin. Selain itu, hasil perencanaan dimensi saluran drainase yang diperlukan untuk menampung debit rencana adalah h = 0,84 m, b = 0,42 m, dan W = 0,28 m. Kata Kunci: Kerusakan Perkerasan, Metode Asphalt Institute, Perencanaan Drainase. ABSTRACT Roads play a vital role in supporting daily activities, particularly in facilitating mobility and transportation. A well-function road should accommodate traffic demands, comply with established quality standart, and possess adaquate structural durability. Based on its classification, the Brongkos-Rejoso is categorized as a class III road with a width of 5,5 m and a lenght of approximately 5 km. However, the presence of vehicles exceeding the allowable load limit has contributed to pavement deterioration along this road section. Therefore, the Asphalt Instittute method was applied to evaluate the pavement condition and determine the appropriate maintenance strategy. The analysis showed that the lowest pavement condition rating was found in segmen 4 (STA 1+500 – 2+000) with a condition value of 99,88%, while the highest condition rating was recorded in segment 9 (STA 4+000 - 4+500) with a condition value of 99,98%. Based on the evalution result, routine maintenanceis the most appropriate treatment for the Brongkos-Rejoso road section in Blitar Regency. In addition, the designed dranage channel dimensions required to accommodate the design runoff are h=0,84 m, b = 0,42m, W = 0,28 m. Keywords:Pavement Damage, Asphalt Institute method, Drainage Design.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dela Mey Lutfica, Azizah Rokhmawati, Anang Bakhtiar
STUDI ALTERNATIF PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR DENGAN METODE SISTEM RANGKA PEMIKUL MOMEN MENENGAH (SRPMM) PADA GEDUNG TEKNIK 2 KAMPUS UIN 3 DI KOTA BATU
Gempa bumi adalah getaran alami pada permukaan bumi yang disebabkan oleh pergerakan lempeng tektonik di bawah permukaan bumi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem struktur yang tepat untuk menahan gaya seismik pada bangunan. Berdasarkan SNI 1726:2019 tentang Persyaratan Desain Seismik untuk Bangunan dan Struktur Lainnya, salah satu sistem struktur yang dapat diterapkan adalah Sistem Rangka Penahan Momen Menengah (SRPMM), yang memerlukan ketentuan detail dan penguatan khusus untuk komponen-komponen struktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang ulang sebuah bangunan empat lantai dengan menggunakan konsep struktur alternatif berdasarkan Sistem Rangka Penahan Momen Menengah (SRPMM). dilakukan sesuai dengan SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, dan SNI 2847:2019. Hasil analisis struktur menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan pelat 160 mm sudah memadai untuk lantai dua hingga tingkat atap. Tulangan pelat yang disediakan terdiri dari Ø12–125 mm untuk daerah penyangga dan rentang pada arah X, serta Ø10–125 mm untuk daerah penyangga dan rentang pada arah Y. Balok sekunder dirancang dengan dimensi 30 × 60 cm, diperkuat dengan tulangan 7D19 pada bagian penyangga dan 3D19 pada bagian bentang. Balok primer memiliki dimensi 40 × 75 cm, diperkuat dengan tulangan 16D19 pada bagian penyangga dan 7D19 pada bagian bentang. Kolom dirancang dengan dimensi 70 × 70 cm dan diperkuat dengan batang longitudinal 16D25, sedangkan kawat pengikat Ø12 digunakan sebagai tulangan melintang. Sistem pondasi terdiri dari tiang pancang beton pracetak dengan kedalaman 16 m. Berdasarkan data Uji Penetrasi Standar (SPT), daya dukung tiang pancang yang diperbolehkan adalah 68,4 ton per tiang. Kata kunci: Struktur tahan gempa, (SRPMM), beton bertulang, perancangan tahan gempa, pondasi tiang, SNI 1726:2019. Earthquakes are natural ground vibrations caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the earth's surface. Therefore, an appropriate structural system is required to resist seismic forces in building structures. Based on SNI 1726:2019 concerning Seismic Design Requirements for Buildings and Other Structures, one of the structural systems that can be applied is the Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame System (SRPMM), which requires specific detailing and reinforcement provisions for structural components. This study aims to redesign a four-story building using an alternative structural concept based on the Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame System (SRPMM). The building has a length of 123 m, a width of 66 m, and a height of 17.8 m. The design and analysis were carried out in accordance with SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 2847:2019. Structural analysis results indicate that a slab thickness of 160 mm is adequate for the second floor through the roof level. The slab reinforcement provided consists of Ø12-125 mm for both support and span regions in the X-direction, and Ø10-125 mm for both support and span regions in the Y-direction.The secondary beams are designed with dimensions of 30 × 60 cm, reinforced with 7D19 bars at the supports and 3D19 bars at the spans. The primary beams have dimensions of 40 × 75 cm, reinforced with 16D19 bars at the supports and 7D19 bars at the spans. The columns are designed with dimensions of 70 × 70 cm and reinforced with 16D25 longitudinal bars, while Ø12 stirrups are used as transverse reinforcement. The foundation system consists of precast concrete piles with a depth of 16 m. Based on the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data, the allowable pile bearing capacity is 68.4 tons per pile. Keyword : Earthquake-resistant structure, (SRPMM), reinforced concrete, seismic design, pile foundation, SNI 1726:2019.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nizal Ardiansya Tama, Anang Bakhtiar, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
STUDI PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN PIPA DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH DESA PARAKAN KECAMATAN TRENGGALEK KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK
Abstract Water is a primary necessity for life, as all living things on Earth require it for survival. Humans use water daily for both domestic and non-domestic purposes. The need for clean water provision and services is increasing, sometimes we do not get good service. One of the areas that still has difficulty in obtaining clean water is Parakan Village, Trenggalek District. The purpose of this study is to provide alternatives/solutions in solving clean water problems, especially for the Parakan Village area, Trenggalek District, Trenggalek Regency. The method in this study is the number of residents in the last 5 years, PDAM customers, clean water needs, clean water source data, reservoir volume data, and clean water distribution network map data, using the Arithmetic method. The clean water distribution network map will be evaluated using WaterCadi V8 software. The results of this study are projections of the number of residents in Parakan Village, Trenggalek District. Trenggalek in 2035 is 7218 people. The average clean water needs in Parakan Village, Trenggalek District are Existing Planning (2025) is 9673 lt/sec, while for Development Planning (2035), the average water needs are 12,030 lt/sec. Effective clean water distribution for the Parakan Village area, Trenggalek District based on the simulation results of the WaterCad V8i program for Planning a clean water distribution network system in Parakan Village, Trenggalek District, alternative 2 of 3 alternatives is used, namely a pipe with a diameter of 150 mm with a length of 3752 m. Keywords: Arithmetic Method, Clean Water, WaterCadi V8i
Copyright (c) 2026 Moch Nafik Faisal, Eko Noerhayati, Budi Santoso
STUDI PERENCANAAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU “3B” MENGGUNAKAN BIOFILTER DI DESA NGENEP KECAMATAN KARANGPLOSO KABUPATEN MALANG
Abstrak Industri tahu 3B yang berlokasi di Desa Ngenep, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, menghasilkan air limbah dengan konsentrasi polutan yang tinggi. Analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa air limbah tersebut memiliki nilai BOD, COD, TSS, dan pH masing-masing sebesar 4.456 mg/L, 9.779 mg/L, 435 mg/L, dan 4,08. Nilai-nilai tersebut melampaui baku mutu air limbah yang berlaku, sehingga diperlukan pengolahan sebelum limbah dibuang ke badan air penerima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) menggunakan sistem biofilter yang sesuai dengan karakteristik air limbah industri tahu. Metode pengolahan dipilih berdasarkan kandungan polutan organik yang teridentifikasi melalui uji laboratorium. IPAL yang diusulkan terdiri dari bak ekualisasi, bak biofilter anaerobik, dan bak biofilter aerobik. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan dimensi bak ekualisasi sebesar 0,666 m × 1,332 m, bak anaerobik berukuran 1,00 m × 0,50 m, dan bak aerobik berukuran 1,224 m × 0,408 m. Rancangan yang diusulkan diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif yang efektif untuk menurunkan konsentrasi polutan dalam air limbah industri tahu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Kata kunci: air limbah, industri tahu, biofilter, instalasi pengolahan air limbah, kualitas air Abstract The 3B tofu industry located in Ngenep Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency generates wastewater containing high concentrations of pollutants. Laboratory analyses indicated that the wastewater had BOD, COD, TSS, and pH values of 4,456 mg/L, 9,779 mg/L, 435 mg/L, and 4.08, respectively. These values exceed the applicable wastewater quality standards, indicating that treatment is required before discharge into receiving water bodies. This study aims to design a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) using a biofilter system that is suitable for the characteristics of tofu-processing wastewater. The treatment method was selected based on the organic pollutant content identified through laboratory testing. The proposed WWTP consists of an equalization tank, an anaerobic biofilter tank, and an aerobic biofilter tank. The design results indicate that the equalization tank dimensions are 0.666 m × 1.332 m, the anaerobic tank measures 1.00 m × 0.50 m, and the aerobic tank measures 1.224 m × 0.408 m. The proposed design is expected to provide an effective alternative for reducing pollutant concentrations in tofu industry wastewater prior to environmental discharge. Keyword : wastewater, tofu industry, biofilter, wastewater treatment plant, water quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Nur Af Dani, Eko Noerhayati, Anita Rahmawati
EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) PADA INDUSTRI TAHU DI DESA PAPRINGAN, KECAMATAN KALIWUNGU, KABUPATEN KUDUS
Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pengelolaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang belum optimal pada industri tahu di Desa Papringan, Kecamatan Kaliwungu, Kabupaten Kudus, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi terhadap kinerja sistem pengolahan yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting IPAL, menilai kualitas air limbah pada saluran masuk (*inlet*) dan keluar (*outlet*), menghitung efisiensi penyisihan COD, BOD, dan TSS, serta mengevaluasi kesesuaian efluen dengan baku mutu yang berlaku. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif melalui observasi lapangan, dokumentasi, pengambilan sampel air limbah, analisis laboratorium, dan perhitungan neraca massa untuk sistem IPAL kombinasi biofilter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasional dan pemeliharaan IPAL belum optimal, yang ditandai dengan adanya penumpukan lumpur, penyumbatan pada media biofilter, dan ketidakstabilan peralatan aerasi. Konsentrasi pada saluran keluar masih tinggi, yaitu COD 1498 mg/L, BOD 1183 mg/L, dan TSS 504 mg/L, sehingga tidak memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Perhitungan neraca massa menunjukkan total beban pencemar yang masuk ke sistem sebesar 126,69 kg/hari, dengan 31,14 kg/hari atau 24,58% berhasil disisihkan. Oleh karena itu, IPAL memerlukan perbaikan dalam aspek operasi dan pemeliharaan agar kinerjanya menjadi lebih efektif. Kata kunci: IPAL, industri tahu, neraca massa, COD, dan BOD. Abstract This study was motivated by the suboptimal management of the proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)at a tofu industry in Papringan Village, Kaliwungu District, Kudus Regency; thus, an evaluation of the existing treatment system's performance was needed. This study aimed to determine the existing condition of the IPAL, assess wastewater quality at the inlet and outlet, calculate the removal efficiency of COD, BOD, and TSS, and evaluate the compliance of the effluent with the applicable quality standards. The research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method through field observations, documentation, wastewater sampling, laboratory analysis, and mass balance calculations for the biofilter-combined IPAL system. The results showed that the operational condition and maintenance of the IPAL were not yet optimal, as indicated by sludge accumulation, clogged biofilter media, and unstable aeration equipment. The outlet concentrations remained high, namely COD 1498 mg/L, BOD 1183 mg/L, and TSS 504 mg/L, so they did not meet the required quality standards. The mass balance calculation showed a total pollutant load entering the system of 126.69 kg/day, with 31.14 kg/day or 24.58% successfully removed. Therefore, the IPAL needs improvements in operation and maintenance to make its performance more effective. Keywords : IPAL, tofu industry, mass balance, COD, and BOD.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulfan Nur Faiz, Eko Noerhayati, Anita Rahmawati
STUDI EVALUASI DISTRIBUSI AIR DAERAH IRIGASI (DI) DESA WAEGEREN KECAMATAN LOLONGGUBA KABUPATEN BURU PROVINSI MALUKU
Irrigation water availability is an important factor in supporting agricultural productivity, especially in areas that depend on surface water sources. This research aims to analyze the availability of irrigation water, irrigation water demand, and evaluate whether the available water discharge is able to meet irrigation needs in Waegeren Village, Lolongguba District, Buru Regency. The research method used is quantitative analysis based on hydrological and climatological data from 2016– 2025. Evapotranspiration was calculated using the Modified Penman method, while river discharge was analyzed using the F.J. Mock method to estimate water availability. The calculation results show that the irrigation water demand reaches a maximum value of 2.133 m³/s, while the river discharge varies monthly with values ranging from 0.090 m³/s to 4.915 m³/s in 2025. The evaluation indicates that water availability is generally able to meet irrigation demand in most months, although in several periods the discharge becomes relatively limited. In addition, the existing irrigation channel capacity of 1.071 m³/s is still lower than the required discharge, indicating the need for improvements in channel dimensions and irrigation network management to optimize water distribution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Ulul Azmi, Eko Noerhayati, Anita Rahmawati
EVALUASI WAKTU PELAKSANAAN DAN BIAYA DENGAN EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT (EVM) MENGGUNAKAN MICROSOFT PROJECT PADA PROYEK REHABILITASI RUAS JALAN KRANGGAN–NGAJUM, KABUPATEN MALANG
The Kranggan–Ngajum Road Rehabilitation Project in Malang Regency, with a contract value of IDR 287,204,400 and a planned duration of 16 weeks (112 calendar days), showed discrepancies between planned and actual Time and Cost performance. This study evaluates project performance using the Earned Value Management (EVM) method assisted by Microsoft Project. The results showed that the project experienced delays from weeks 1 to 10 (SPI < 1), with the largest delay in week 8 (SV = -IDR 24,878,935.37), but successfully caught up with the Schedule from weeks 11 to 16. Cost performance improved from CPI < 1 to CPI = 1.06 at project completion. The final EAC value of IDR 271,679,839.00 was IDR 15,524,561.00 (5.41%) lower than the contract value, indicating Cost savings. The project was completed on Time with efficient Cost performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadya Al Rizani, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Ruli Saefudin, Ruli Saefudin
ANALISIS STABILITAS LERENG PADA STA 13±680 MENGGUNAKAN METODE BISHOP BERBASIS PERANGKAT LUNAK GEOSTUDIO DI DUSUN BANARAN DESA DEPOK KECAMATAN BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kestabilan lereng di STA 13±680, Dusun Banaran, Desa Depok, Kecamatan Bendungan, Kabupaten Trenggalek, sebuah kawasan yang memiliki riwayat longsor berulang pada tahun 2025. Parameter tanah diperoleh melalui pengujian laboratorium, yang meliputi kohesi, sudut geser dalam, dan berat volume, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Bishop dengan perangkat lunak GeoStudio SLOPE/W. Analisis mencakup empat skenario pembebanan, yaitu kondisi statis dan tiga skenario pseudo-statis dengan koefisien seismik horizontal sebesar 0,10; 0,15; dan 0,20, berdasarkan nilai Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) spesifik lokasi sebesar 0,4399 g. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kondisi statis menghasilkan Factor of Safety (FoS) sebesar 0,951 menggunakan GeoStudio dan 0,949 menggunakan perhitungan manual, yang keduanya berada di bawah persyaratan minimum SNI 8460:2017. Nilai FoS terus menurun di bawah pembebanan seismik, mencapai 0,629 pada skenario seismik tertinggi. Selisih antara perhitungan manual dan perangkat lunak berada dalam kisaran 0 hingga 4,6 persen, yang mengonfirmasi validitas analisis. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa lereng di STA 13±680 berada dalam kondisi tidak stabil bahkan tanpa beban gempa, sehingga memerlukan upaya mitigasi segera. Kata kunci: Metode Bishop, Faktor Keamanan, GeoStudio SLOPE/W, Kestabilan Lereng, Pembebanan Seismik. This study evaluates the slope stability at STA 13±680, Banaran Hamlet, Depok Village, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency, an area with a recorded history of repeated landslides in 2025. Soil parameters were obtained through laboratory testing, including cohesion, internal friction angle, and unit weight, then analyzed using the Bishop method with GeoStudio SLOPE/W software. The analysis covered four loading scenario, namely static condition and three pseudo-static scenarios with horizontal seismic coefficients of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20, based on a site-specific Peak Ground Acceleration of 0.4399 g. The result show that the static condition produces a Factor of Safety of 0.951 using GeoStudio and 0.949 using manual calculation, both below the minimum requirement of SNI 8460:2017. The FoS continued to decrease under seismic loading, reaching 0.629 at the highest seismic scenario. The discrepancy between manual and software calculation remained within 0 to 4.6 percent, confirming the validity of the analysis. These findings indicate that the slope at STA 13±680 is in an unstable condition even without earthquake loading, requiring immediate mitigation efforts. Keywords: Bishop Method, Factor of Safety, GeoStudio SLOPE/W, Slope Stability, Seismik Loading.
Copyright (c) 2026 ALFIONITA DEVINTA CAHYA PRADINI, Reny Rochmawati, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
OPTIMASI WAKTU PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG MAHAD UIN 3 MALANG DENGAN METODE CPM (CRITICAL PATH METHOD)
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan waktu pelaksanaan proyek Konstruksi Gedung Mahad di UIN 3 Malang menggunakan Metode Jalur Kritis (Critical Path Method/CPM). Manajemen waktu merupakan aspek penting dalam proyek konstruksi untuk mencegah keterlambatan yang dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan biaya. Data yang digunakan dalam studi ini meliputi rencana anggaran biaya (cost budget plan/RAB) dan jadwal proyek (jadwal waktu). Analisis dilakukan dengan mengembangkan diagram jaringan, melakukan perhitungan forward pass dan backward pass, serta menentukan nilai float untuk mengidentifikasi jalur kritis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proyek dapat diselesaikan dalam 257 hari, yang 29 hari lebih cepat dari rencana awal (286 hari) dan 57 hari lebih cepat dari pelaksanaan aktual (314 hari). Semua aktivitas proyek diidentifikasi sebagai aktivitas kritis dengan float nol, menunjukkan bahwa setiap keterlambatan akan langsung berdampak pada durasi proyek secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, penerapan CPM terbukti efektif dalam mengoptimalkan penjadwalan proyek dan meningkatkan efisiensi waktu. This study aims to optimize the project implementation time of the Mahad Building Construction Project at UIN 3 Malang using the Critical Path Method (CPM). Time management is a crucial aspect in construction projects to prevent delays that can lead to cost overruns. The data used in this study include the cost budget plan (RAB) and project schedule (time schedule). The analysis was conducted by developing a network diagram, performing forward pass and backward pass calculations, and determining float values to identify the critical path. The results show that the project can be completed in 257 days, which is 29 days faster than the initial plan (286 days) and 57 days faster than the actual implementation (314 days). All project activities are identified as critical activities with zero float, indicating that any delay will directly impact the overall project duration. Therefore, the application of CPM is proven effective in optimizing project scheduling and improving time efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rayhan Ardana Putra, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Budi Santoso
ANALISIS KEPATUHAN SOP PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PERENCANAAN INFRASTRUKTUR BANGUNAN RUMAH SAKIT CAHAYA MEDIKA KECAMATAN PRAYA LOMBOK TENGAH
RINGKASAN Pengelolaan limbah medis merupakan aspek penting dalam menjaga kesehatan lingkungan dan mencegah risiko pencemaran. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik limbah medis, tingkat kepatuhan terhadap Prosedur Operasi Standar (SOP), dan dampaknya terhadap perencanaan infrastruktur di Rumah Sakit Cahaya Medika Praya, Lombok Tengah. Metode kualitatif deskriptif digunakan, dengan data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber limbah berasal dari berbagai unit layanan seperti perawatan rawat inap, unit gawat darurat, laboratorium, dan apotek, dengan jenis limbah termasuk limbah infeksius, benda tajam, obat-obatan, bahan kimia, dan limbah radioaktif. Pengelolaan limbah mengikuti tahapan SOP yaitu pemilahan, pengumpulan, pengangkutan, dan penyimpanan sementara. Namun, tantangan tetap ada, seperti kepatuhan staf yang tidak konsisten dan pengawasan yang kurang optimal. Analisis SWOT menunjukkan posisi rumah sakit berada di kuadran I, yang menunjukkan potensi pertumbuhan dan inovasi. Produksi limbah medis adalah 21.122 kg/hari, dan limbah non-medis adalah 3,54 kg/hari. Kesimpulannya, kepatuhan terhadap SOP berdampak positif pada perencanaan infrastruktur, khususnya dalam penyediaan fasilitas penyimpanan, jalur pembuangan limbah khusus, dan sistem pengendalian infeksi. ABSTRAK Medical waste management is a crucial aspect of maintaining environmental health and preventing the risk of pollution. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of medical waste, the level of compliance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and its impact on infrastructure planning at Cahaya Medika Praya Hospital, Central Lombok. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with data collected through observation and interviews. The results indicate that waste sources originate from various service units such as inpatient care, the emergency department, the laboratory, and the pharmacy, with waste types including infectious waste, sharps, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and radioactive waste. Waste management follows the SOP stages of sorting, collection, transportation, and temporary storage. However, challenges remain, such as inconsistent staff compliance and suboptimal supervision. A SWOT analysis indicates the hospital's position in quadrant I, indicating potential for growth and innovation. Medical waste generation is 21,122 kg/day, and non-medical waste is 3.54 kg/day. In conclusion, compliance with SOPs has a positive impact on infrastructure planning, particularly in the provision of storage facilities, dedicated waste pathways, and infection control systems. Keywords: medical waste, SOP, hospital, infrastructure, B3
Copyright (c) 2026 Atma Maulyda Putri, Anita Rahmawati, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
STUDI PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS AIR DI DESA UMBULAN KABUPATEN PASURUAN MENGGUNAKAN INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Mata Air Umbulan, yang terletak di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur, merupakan salah satu mata air terbesar di Indonesia dengan debit yang sangat tinggi dan berfungsi sebagai sumber air baku utama bagi sistem penyediaan air bersih. Potensi mata air ini dapat dinilai berdasarkan kuantitas maupun kualitas airnya. Namun, kualitas airnya rentan terhadap pencemaran akibat aktivitas manusia di wilayah tangkapan air dan di sepanjang saluran distribusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memantau kualitas air saluran Mata Air Umbulan guna menilai potensi pencemaran berdasarkan parameter-parameter yang telah ditentukan. Sistem pemantauan berbasis *Internet of Things* (IoT) digunakan untuk mengukur suhu, kekeruhan, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), dan debit, dengan mengacu pada standar kualitas air minum yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. Validasi sensor suhu menghasilkan nilai *Mean Absolute Percentage Error* (MAPE) sebesar 3,83%, yang menunjukkan akurasi pengukuran yang baik. Hasil penilaian kualitas air menunjukkan tidak adanya indikasi pencemaran yang menyebabkan parameter-parameter yang diukur melampaui standar kualitas air minum yang ditetapkan selama periode penelitian. Kata kunci: kualitas air, *Internet of Things* (IoT), pemantauan kualitas air, potensi pencemaran, Mata Air Umbulan. Umbulan Spring, located in Pasuruan Regency, East Java, is one of the largest springs in Indonesia, characterized by a very high discharge and serving as a primary raw water source for clean water supply systems. The potential of the spring can be assessed based on both its quantity and water quality. However, its water quality remains vulnerable to pollution resulting from human activities within the catchment area and along the distribution channel. This study aims to monitor the water quality of the Umbulan Spring channel to assess its potential for pollution based on choosen parameters. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system was employed to measure temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and discharge, with reference to the drinking water quality standarts stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 2 of 2023. The temperature sensor validation produced a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.83%, indicating good measurement accuracy. The results of the water quality assessment showed no evidence of pollution that caused the measured parameters to exceed the established drinking water quality standards during the study period. Keywords: water quality, Internet of Things (IoT), water quality monitoring, pollution potential, Umbulan Spring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adam Bagas Saputra, Anita Rahmawati, Gilang Ramadhan Kololikiye
PENERAPAN PENJADWALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CPM (CRITICAL PATH METHOD) & METODE PERT (PROGRAM EVALUATION REVIEW TECHNIQUE) PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI
ABSTRAK Penjadwalan proyek merupakan aspek krusial dalam manajemen konstruksi untuk memastikan penyelesaian proyek tepat waktu sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah direncanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan efektivitas Critical Path Method (CPM) dan Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) dalam mengendalikan jadwal konstruksi proyek Gedung Rumah Sakit Mulia Santoso Medika di Bululawang, Kabupaten Malang. Metode CPM digunakan untuk menentukan jalur kritis dan durasi proyek secara deterministik, sedangkan metode PERT diterapkan untuk menganalisis ketidakpastian waktu melalui pendekatan probabilistik berdasarkan durasi optimal aktivitas-aktivitas kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode CPM menghasilkan durasi proyek selama 224 hari yang mencakup 88 aktivitas, dengan 36 aktivitas diidentifikasi sebagai aktivitas kritis. Sementara itu, metode PERT menghasilkan waktu perkiraan (expected time) sebesar 219 hari, dengan batas waktu penyelesaian proyek 224 hari pada tingkat probabilitas 99%. Kedua metode menghasilkan jalur kritis yang identik, yang mengonfirmasi validitas struktur jaringan kerja yang digunakan dalam analisis. Berdasarkan kesesuaian karakteristik masing-masing metode dengan ketidakpastian yang melekat pada proyek konstruksi, metode PERT dinilai lebih efektif dibandingkan CPM karena memberikan tingkat keyakinan yang dapat diukur secara statistik dalam mencapai target waktu penyelesaian, sehingga lebih aplikatif untuk pengambilan keputusan manajerial. Project scheduling is a critical aspect of construction management to ensure timely project completion in accordance with planned schedules. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) in controlling the construction schedule of the Mulia Santoso Medika Hospital Building project in Bululawang, Malang Regency. The CPM method was used to determine the critical path and project duration deterministically, while the PERT method was applied to analyze time uncertainty through a probabilistic approach based on the optimized duration of critical activities. The results show that the CPM method produced a project duration of 224 days across 88 activities, with 36 activities identified as critical. Meanwhile, the PERT method yielded an expected time of 219 days, with a project completion deadline of 224 days at a 99% probability level. Both methods produced an identical critical path, confirming the validity of the network structure used in the analysis. Based on the suitability of each method's characteristics with the inherent uncertainty of construction projects, PERT was found to be more effective than CPM, as it provides a statistically measurable level of confidence in achieving the target completion time, making it more applicable for managerial decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hera Rosanti, Ita Suhermin Ingsih, Ruli Saefudin
EVALUASI KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH DI DESA RINGINSARI KECAMATAN SUMBERMANJING WETAN KABUPATEN MALANG
ABSTRAK Population growth in Ringinsari Village has led to a continuous rise in clean water demand, necessitating an evaluation and planning for the expansion of the distribution system. This study aims to project the population, calculate clean water demand up to the year 2035, and evaluate the distribution network using EPANET 2.2. The methodology involves population projection using arithmetic, geometric, and linear regression methods, with the best method selected based on the level of fit. The results indicate that the population is projected to reach 5,862 by 2035. Clean water demand is expected to rise from 8.825 L/s in 2026 to 9.768 L/s in 2035. Simulation results demonstrate that the distribution network remains viable for expansion through the addition of network components, enabling it to meet clean water demands through the planning horizon. Keywords: clean water demand, population projection, distribution network, EPANET 2.2
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Reza Mukram, Eko Noerhayati, Budi Santoso
STUDI EVALUASI KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI MACANAN SEBAGAI PENERIMA EFLUEN INDUSTRI TEKSTIL DI DESA PETUNGASRI KECAMATAN PANDAAN
Penurunan kualitas air permukaan akibat aktivitas industri tekstil telah menjadi isu lingkungan yang krusial yang memerlukan perhatian khusus untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem dan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air Sungai Macanan di Desa Petungasri, Kecamatan Pandaan, berdasarkan parameter fisik dan kimia, membandingkannya dengan baku mutu air Kelas II sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021, serta menentukan status pencemarannya menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP) berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 27 Tahun 2021. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Indeks Pencemaran (IP), kualitas air mengalami penurunan ke arah hilir. Lokasi I memperoleh nilai IP sebesar 0,841 (memenuhi baku mutu), Lokasi II mencapai 0,612 (memenuhi baku mutu), sedangkan Lokasi III meningkat menjadi 1,279 yang menunjukkan status "tercemar ringan." Secara umum, kualitas air Sungai Macanan masih berada dalam kondisi baik pada bagian hulu dan tengah, namun pada titik outlet di bagian hilir telah mengalami pencemaran ringan akibat limbah organik. The decrease in surface water quality due to textile industrial activities has become a critical environmental issue that requires special attention to maintain ecosystem balance and public health. This study aims to evaluate the water quality of the Macanan River in Petungasri Village, Pandaan District, based on physical and chemical parameters, comparing it with Class II water quality standards according to Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, and determining its pollution status using the Pollution Index (PI) method based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 27 of 2021. Based on the Pollution Index (PI) calculations, the water quality declines downstream. Location I obtained a PI value of 0.841 (meeting quality standards), Location II reached 0.612 (meeting quality standards), while Location III increased to 1.279, indicating a status of "slightly polluted." In general, the Macanan River water remains in good condition in the upstream and middle sections but has been contaminated by light organic waste at the downstream outlet point.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shandy Fillah Nandasyah, Anita Rahmawati, Reny Rochmawati
STUDI NORMALISASI SUNGAI GANGGANGMALANG AKIBAT BANJIR DI KABUPATEN NGANJUK MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM HEC-RAS
Banjir merupakan salah satu bencana hidrologi yang sering terjadi di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, terutama pada wilayah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) yang mengalami perubahan tata guna lahan serta peningkatan intensitas curah hujan. Sungai Ganggangmalang di Kabupaten Nganjuk merupakan salah satu sungai yang sering mengalami luapan air pada musim penghujan sehingga menyebabkan banjir di wilayah sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui debit banjir rencana, menganalisis profil aliran sungai saat terjadi banjir, serta mengevaluasi kapasitas penampang Sungai Ganggangmalang menggunakan program HEC-RAS. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis hidrologi dengan metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Nakayasu untuk menentukan debit banjir rencana serta analisis hidrolika menggunakan pemodelan HEC-RAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debit banjir rencana periode ulang 25 tahun sebesar 489,76 m³/detik dan terdapat beberapa penampang sungai yang tidak mampu menampung debit banjir tersebut. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya normalisasi sungai serta perencanaan tanggul sebagai solusi pengendalian banjir. Flooding is one of the hydrological disasters that frequently occurs in various regions of Indonesia, particularly in watershed areas experiencing land-use changes and increasing rainfall intensity. The Ganggangmalang River in Nganjuk Regency is among the rivers that frequently overflow during the rainy season, resulting in flooding in the surrounding areas. This study aims to determine the design flood discharge, analyze the river flow profile during flood events, and evaluate the cross-sectional capacity of the Ganggangmalang River using the HEC-RAS program. The research method involves hydrological analysis using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method to estimate the design flood discharge, followed by hydraulic analysis through HEC-RAS modeling. The results indicate that the design flood discharge for a 25-year return period reaches 489.76 m³/s, and several river cross-sections are unable to accommodate this discharge. Therefore, river normalization and levee planning are required as flood control measures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mochammad Yonif Elang Samudro, Azizah Rokhmawati, Ita Suhermin Ingsih
KOMPARASI KINERJA DESAIN SISTEM MODULAR PINTU AIR OTOMATIS SALURAN IRIGASI SEKUNDER BERBASIS IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS)
Manual irrigation water management frequently leads to inefficient water distribution and inadequate real-time monitoring. To address this issue, this study designed and implemented a modular Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic sluice gate system for secondary irrigation channels using an ESP32 microcontroller, the Blynk platform, a stepper motor, various supporting sensors, and a solar panel as the main power source. System performance was evaluated under gate opening conditions of 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm, with each condition tested five times. The study aimed to compare the performance of the proposed IoT-based automatic sluice gate with findings from previous research, identify factors contributing to performance differences, and assess the system's effectiveness in enhancing irrigation water management. Data analysis was carried out using linear regression, correlation analysis, and the Independent Samples T-Test in SPSS. The statistical results yielded Sig. (2-tailed) values of 0.864, 0.858, 0.867, 0.823, and 0.870, all exceeding the significance threshold of 0.05. These results indicate that no statistically significant differences were observed between laboratory and field performance. Overall, the developed system operated reliably, enabled real-time monitoring, and contributed to more effective irrigation water distribution and management.
Copyright (c) 2026 ANGGER TRI PRASETYA, Eko Noerhayati, Ade Fitriyanti Ulul Azmi
EVALUASI PARKIR DI BADAN JALAN TERHADAP KINERJA LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN KH. AGUS SALIM KOTA MALANG
ABSTRACT On-street parking is a form of side friction that can reduce the performance of urban roads, particularly in areas with intense commercial activity. This study aims to evaluate parking characteristics, analyze the influence of on-street parking on traffic performance, project road performance over the next five years, and formulate handling recommendations for KH. Agus Salim Street, Malang City. A quantitative-descriptive method was applied, with primary data collected over six days (three weekdays and three weekend days) for 12 hours per day, analyzed using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2023). The results show that the use of road space for parking and street vendor (PKL) activities reduced the effective road width from 12 meters to 5 meters, a decrease of approximately 58%. The peak-hour traffic volume was recorded at 873.2 pcu/hour on Saturday between 18.00-19.00, while the existing road capacity was 983.7 pcu/hour, yielding a Degree of Saturation (DS) of 0.89 and a Level of Service (LOS) of category E. On-street parking contributed a 28% capacity reduction, while street vendors contributed 15%. A simulated redesign of mixed parking layout (parallel car parking and 90° motorcycle parking), or Scenario 1, increased the effective lane width to 7.40 meters, raised road capacity by 31.94% to 1,297.9 pcu/hour, and reduced DS to 0.67 with LOS category C. Without intervention, DS is projected to reach 1.08 (LOS F) by 2030. This study recommends re-marking of parking spaces, relocation of street vendors, and law enforcement as priority measures to sustain road performance. Keywords: on-street parking; road performance; degree of saturation; side friction; PKJI 2023
Copyright (c) 2026 Rastam A Eleuwarin, Anang Bakhtiar, Ade Fitriyanti Ulul Azmi
EVALUASI TINGKAT PELAYANAN JALAN (STUDI KASUS SIMPANG TAK BERSINYAL BUGIS KABUPATEN MALANG)
ABSTRAK Simpang merupakan pertemuan dua atau lebih jalan yang berpotensi menimbulkan konflik lalu lintas dan kemacetan. Permasalahan ini terjadi di Simpang Bugis, Kabupaten Malang, seiring pertumbuhan penduduk yang mencapai lebih dari 2.734.898 jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi tingkat pelayanan simpang, mengetahui volume maksimum kondisi eksisting, serta menentukan solusi penanganan. Analisis menggunakan Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (PKJI 2023) dengan parameter derajat kejenuhan, tundaan, dan peluang antrian. Volume maksimum terjadi pada lengan Utara hari Sabtu pukul 16.00–17.00 WIB, lengan Timur hari Senin pukul 16.00–17.00 WIB, lengan Selatan hari Senin pukul 07.00–08.00 WIB, dan lengan Barat hari Senin pukul 07.00–08.00 WIB. Volume maksimum tercatat pada lengan Utara 331,9 smp/jam, Timur 994,4 smp/jam, Selatan 492,4 smp/jam, dan Barat 1212,9 smp/jam. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Dj 1,235, tundaan 51,66 det/smp, dan peluang antrian 63–128%, sehingga Simpang Bugis berada pada tingkat pelayanan (LOS) E dengan kondisi buruk. Kata Kunci: Simpang Bugis, PKJI, Derajat Kejenuhan, Tundaan, Peluang Antrian. ABSTRACT An intersection is the meeting point of two or more roads that has the potential to create traffic conflicts and congestion. This problem occurs at Bugis Intersection, Malang Regency, due to the rapid population growth, which has reached more than 2,734,898 people. This study aims to evaluate the intersection's level of service, determine the maximum traffic volume under existing conditions, and identify appropriate improvement measures. The analysis was conducted using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2023) based on the parameters of degree of saturation, delay, and queue probability. The maximum traffic volumes occurred on the North approach on Saturday from 16:00 to 17:00 WIB, the East approach on Monday from 16:00 to 17:00 WIB, the South approach on Monday from 07:00 to 08:00 WIB, and the West approach on Monday from 07:00 to 08:00 WIB. The recorded maximum traffic volumes were 331.9 pcu/h on the North approach, 994.4 pcu/h on the East approach, 492.4 pcu/h on the South approach, and 1,212.9 pcu/h on the West approach. The analysis results showed a degree of saturation of 1.235, an average delay of 51.66 s/pcu, and a queue probability of 63–128%, indicating that Bugis Intersection operates at Level of Service (LOS) E, representing poor operating conditions. Keywords: Bugis Intersection, PKJI, Degree of Saturation, Delay, Queue Probability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puspita Dewi Fitriani, Anang Bakhtiar, Ruli Saefudin
STUDI ALTERNATIF PEMILIHAN TEKNOLOGI IPAL INDUSTRI TAHU SKALA KECIL-MENENGAH DI DESA PLUMPANG, KABUPATEN TUBAN
Abstrak Industri tahu merupakan salah satu sektor industri pangan yang menghasilkan limbah cair dengan kandungan organik tinggi. Pembuangan limbah tanpa pengolahan berpotensi menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan menurunkan kualitas badan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik limbah cair dari industri tahu di Desa Plumpang, Kabupaten Tuban, serta menentukan alternatif teknologi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang paling tepat menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei lapangan, analisis debit air limbah, pengujian kualitas air limbah di laboratorium, dan analisis pengambilan keputusan menggunakan metode AHP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan debit limbah cair sebesar 4.500 L/hari dengan karakteristik limbah berupa pH 4,52, TSS 676,6 mg/L, COD 1280 mg/L, dan BOD 470 mg/L. Seluruh parameter tersebut melampaui baku mutu yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 5 Tahun 2014. Analisis AHP menggunakan empat kriteria, yaitu aspek lingkungan, teknologi, ekonomi, dan sosial. Bobot prioritas kriteria tersebut secara berurutan adalah lingkungan (0,35), teknologi (0,30), ekonomi (0,25), dan sosial (0,10). Hasil sintesis prioritas global menunjukkan bahwa alternatif teknologi ABR + Aerobik memperoleh nilai tertinggi sebesar 0,296 (29,6%), diikuti oleh Biofilter Anaerobik–Aerobik sebesar 0,288 (28,8%), UASB + Aerasi sebesar 0,222 (22,2%), dan Kolam Anaerobik + Aerated Lagoon sebesar 0,193 (19,3%). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, teknologi ABR + Aerobik direkomendasikan sebagai teknologi IPAL yang paling sesuai untuk diterapkan pada industri tahu skala kecil-menengah di Desa Plumpang. Kata kunci: IPAL, Analytical Hierarchy Process, industri tahu. Abstract The tofu industry is one of the food industry sectors that produces liquid waste with high organic content. Disposal of waste without treatment has the potential to cause environmental pollution and reduce the quality of water bodies. This study aims to determine the characteristics of liquid waste from the tofu industry in Plumpang Village, Tuban Regency and determine the most appropriate alternative Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) technology using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The study was conducted through field surveys, wastewater discharge analysis, wastewater quality testing in the laboratory, and decision-making analysis using the AHP method. The results showed a liquid waste discharge of 4,500 L/day with waste characteristics in the form of pH 4.52, TSS 676.6 mg/L, COD 1280 mg/L, and BOD 470 mg/L. All of these parameters exceed the quality standards stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 5 of 2014. The AHP analysis uses four criteria, namely environmental, technological, economic, and social aspects. The priority weights of the criteria are respectively environmental (0.35), technological (0.30), economic (0.25), and social (0.10). The results of the global priority synthesis show that the ABR + Aerobic technology alternative obtained the highest value of 0.296 (29.6%), followed by Anaerobic–Aerobic Biofilter at 0.288 (28.8%), UASB + Aeration at 0.222 (22.2%), and Anaerobic Pond + Aerated Lagoon at 0.193 (19.3%). Based on these results, ABR + Aerobic technology is recommended as the most suitable WWTP technology to be applied to the small-medium scale tofu industry in Plumpang Village. Keywords: IPAL, Analytical Hierarchy Process, tofu industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bagas Septiangga, Eko Noerhayati, Anita Rahmawati
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK PERENCANAAN LOKASI TEMPAT PEMROSESAN AKHIR (TPA) SAMPAH DI KECAMATAN GONDANGLEGI KABUPATEN MALANG
Landfill site selection is a critical component of sustainable solid waste management, as inappropriate locations may cause environmental degradation and social impacts. Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency, does not yet have an independently operated landfill, requiring spatial-based land suitability analysis to support landfill planning. This study aims to evaluate land suitability and identify potential landfill sites using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The analysis was conducted using seven spatial parameters, namely slope, distance to rivers, distance to settlements, soil type, protected areas, distance to administrative boundaries, and flood susceptibility. Spatial analysis was performed through buffering, reclassification, weighted scoring using a Boolean approach, and overlay analysis using the Intersect tool in ArcGIS. The results show that 871.83 ha (13.79%) of the total 6,321.58 ha study area are suitable for landfill development, while 5,449.75 ha (86.21%) are unsuitable. After spatial generalization and refinement, the recommended landfill area was reduced to 813.37 ha and distributed across seven villages, namely Ganjaran, Putukrejo, Sukosari, Panggungrejo, Ketawang, Putat Lor, and Putat Kidul. These findings indicate that GIS-based multi-criteria spatial analysis is an effective approach for identifying suitable landfill locations that meet environmental and technical requirements. Keywords: Geographic Information System, land suitability, landfill site, scoring, spatial analysis, overlay.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reza Zahid Maulana, Anita Rahmawati, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
STUDI PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP KERENTANAN BENCANA LINGKUNGAN DI KOTA MALANG BERBASIS CURAH HUJAN
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardian Hidayatullah, Anita Rahmawati, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
STUDI ANALISIS VALUE ENGINEERING TERHADAP DESAIN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN UNTUK EFISIENSI BIAYA DAN KUALITAS DI FASILITAS KOMERSIAL (STUDI KASUS : PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG KOMERSIAL DI KOTA BATU)
Abstrak Sistem drainase lingkungan merupakan infrastruktur penting dalam proyek gedung komersial karena berfungsi untuk mengendalikan limpasan air hujan, mencegah terjadinya genangan, serta menjaga kualitas lingkungan. Pemilihan metode pelaksanaan yang tepat diperlukan untuk mencapai kinerja yang optimal dengan tetap memperhatikan efisiensi biaya dan waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan metode Value Engineering (VE) dalam mengevaluasi dan membandingkan alternatif metode pelaksanaan saluran drainase lingkungan pada proyek gedung komersial di Kota Batu. Penelitian ini membandingkan dua metode pelaksanaan, yaitu beton pracetak (Precast U-Ditch) dan beton cast in situ. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data perencanaan proyek berupa gambar teknik, bill of quantity, analisis harga satuan, jadwal pelaksanaan, dan estimasi biaya. Proses Value Engineering meliputi tahap informasi, analisis fungsi menggunakan Function Analysis System Technique (FAST), kreativitas, evaluasi, pengembangan, dan rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua metode pelaksanaan mampu memenuhi fungsi utama drainase dengan tingkat pencapaian fungsi sebesar 100%. Metode Precast U-Ditch menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik dengan total biaya pelaksanaan sebesar Rp248.208.800 dan durasi pelaksanaan 43 hari, sedangkan metode cast in situ membutuhkan biaya sebesar Rp314.239.300 dengan durasi pelaksanaan 64 hari. Dengan demikian, metode Precast U-Ditch menghasilkan penghematan biaya sebesar 21,01%, efisiensi waktu sebesar 32,81%, dan peningkatan nilai sebesar 26,73% dibandingkan dengan metode cast in situ. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metode Precast U-Ditch direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif yang lebih efektif karena mampu memenuhi fungsi drainase yang dipersyaratkan sekaligus memberikan efisiensi yang lebih baik dari segi biaya, waktu pelaksanaan, dan nilai proyek. Kata kunci: Value Engineering; Drainase Lingkungan; Precast U-Ditch; Cast in Situ; Nilai Proyek Abstract Environmental drainage systems are essential infrastructure in commercial building projects because they function to control stormwater runoff, prevent inundation, and maintain environmental quality. Selecting an appropriate construction method is therefore crucial to achieve optimal performance while ensuring cost and time efficiency. This study aims to apply the Value Engineering (VE) method to evaluate and compare alternative construction methods for environmental drainage channels in a commercial building project located in Batu City. The study compares two construction methods, namely precast concrete (Precast U-Ditch) and cast in situ concrete. A quantitative case study approach was employed using project planning data, including engineering drawings, bill of quantities, unit price analysis, work schedules, and cost estimates. The Value Engineering process consisted of the information, function analysis using the Function Analysis System Technique (FAST), creativity, evaluation, development, and recommendation phases. The precast U-Ditch method demonstrates superior performance, requiring a total construction cost of IDR 248,208,800 and a construction duration of 43 days, whereas the cast in situ method requires IDR 314,239,300 and 64 days. Consequently, the precast U-Ditch method achieves a cost saving of 21.01%, a time efficiency of 32.81%, and a value improvement of 26.73% compared with the cast in situ method. Based on these findings, the precast U-Ditch method is recommended as the more effective alternative because it maintains the required drainage function while providing better efficiency in terms of cost, construction time, and overall project value. Keywords: Value Engineering; Environmental Drainage; Precast U-Ditch; Cast in Situ; Project Value
Copyright (c) 2026 Natdir Kim Kii, anita rahmawati S.ST.,M.T, aas niari S.T.,M.T
STUDI EVALUASI KEBUTUHAN AIR SEKUNDER DAERAH IRIGASI GORI-GORI KABUPATEN BANGGAI SULAWESI TENGAH
Among the various sources of freshwater found on land, rivers stand out for their role in collecting rainfall across a watershed, making them one of the most commonly relied-upon options for meeting human water needs. This study sets out to compare water demand against water availability — commonly termed the water balance — within the Sinorang irrigation scheme in Banggai Regency, drawing on discharge records from the Gandong monitoring post together with rainfall figures gathered around the Sinorang catchment. Discharge estimates were derived using the F.J. Mock rainfall-runoff approach. The findings show that, overall, flow through the tertiary irrigation channels during the dry season falls short of the scheme's actual water requirement; across nearly every season studied, including the driest months, inflow to the Sinorang Dam remains below total demand. The average discharge computed from rainfall data reached 1.05 m3/s, while the monitoring-post record indicated a somewhat higher average of 1.63 m3/s — both figures nevertheless still exceed the recorded average irrigation demand of 0.97 m3/s for the Sinorang scheme.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putra Mauli, Eko Noerhayati, Ade Fitriyanti Ulul Azmi
ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS EXCAVATOR SANY SY215C DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL PADA PEKERJAAN GALIAN CETAK SAWAH RAKYAT (CSR) KABUPATEN TAPIN, DESA SUNGAI SALAI
The Cetak Sawah Rakyat (CSR) Program, precisely in Sungai Salai Village, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province, is implemented to expand agricultural land in support of national food security toward rice self-sufficiency. In the 253-hectare CSR project area, peatland excavation work uses the SANY SY215C Excavator; however, the actual productivity and operational cost of the equipment have not been precisely determined. This study aims to determine the actual productivity of the SANY SY215C Excavator, analyze its hourly operational cost — comprising Ownership cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost — and identify the technical, operational, and environmental factors that influence it. The research employed a time study method on 300 Excavator working cycles over six days of observation, with operational cost calculations based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) No. 08/PRT/M/2023. The results show an average cycle time of 22.83 seconds, yielding an actual productivity of 133.89 m³/hour or 937.23 m³/day, with a total operational cost of IDR 866,031/hour (operating cost of IDR 590,768/hour and Ownership cost of IDR 275,263/hour), equivalent to IDR 6,468/m³ of excavation work. With seven Excavator units in operation, the total projected operational cost exceeds IDR 1.36 billion. Technical, operational, and environmental factors were found to significantly affect productivity and cost efficiency. These findings are expected to serve as a practical reference for government agencies, contractors, and project planners in preparing the Budget Plan (RAB) and improving the operational efficiency of heavy equipment in the Cetak Sawah Rakyat Program. Kata kunci: Operational Cost, Cetak Sawah Rakyat, Excavator, Productivity, Peat Soil
Copyright (c) 2026 Mirwan Afiyani, Anita Rahmawati, Gilang Ramadhan Kololikiye
STUDY ALTERNATIF PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR GEDUNG RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH SYARIFAH AMBAMI RATO EBU KABUPATEN BANGKALAN DENGAN METODE SISTEM RANGKA PEMIKUL MOMEN MENENGAH (SRPMM)
ABSTRACT Building structural planning in Indonesia must consider earthquake resistance aspects because it is located in an area with high seismic activity. This study aims to conduct an alternative study of structural re-design of the Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan Regional Hospital Building using the Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame System (SRPMM). This system was chosen because it is in accordance with the risk classification of hospital buildings which are included in risk category III and is located in an area with a medium earthquake level. Structural analysis was carried out using the response spectrum method based on SNI 1726:2019, loading refers to SNI 1727:2020, and reinforced concrete design refers to SNI 2847:2019. Structural modeling was carried out using ETABS software to obtain internal forces, deviations, and structural responses to earthquake loads. The planning includes elements of plates, beams, columns, and foundations. The results of the analysis show that the use of the SRPMM system provides better structural performance than the previous system (SRPMB), especially in terms of ductility, strength, and the ability to absorb earthquake energy. The dimensions and reinforcement of the planned structural elements meet the safety and durability requirements of applicable standards. Therefore, this plan is expected to provide a safer, more efficient, and more regulatory-compliant structural design alternative. Keyword : SRPMM, Earthquake Load, Structural Design, Reinforced Concrete, Response Spectrum ABSTRAK Perencanaan struktur bangunan di Indonesia harus mempertimbangkan aspek ketahanan terhadap gempa karena lokasinya berada di wilayah dengan aktivitas seismik tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi alternatif perancangan ulang struktur Gedung Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Bangkalan menggunakan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Menengah (SRPMM). Sistem ini dipilih karena sesuai dengan klasifikasi risiko bangunan rumah sakit yang termasuk dalam kategori risiko III dan berlokasi di wilayah dengan tingkat risiko gempa menengah. Analisis struktur dilakukan menggunakan metode respons spektrum berdasarkan SNI 1726:2019, pembebanan mengacu pada SNI 1727:2020, dan perancangan beton bertulang mengacu pada SNI 2847:2019. Pemodelan struktur dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ETABS untuk memperoleh gaya dalam, simpangan, dan respons struktur terhadap beban gempa. Perencanaan mencakup elemen pelat, balok, kolom, dan fondasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sistem SRPMM memberikan kinerja struktur yang lebih baik dibandingkan sistem sebelumnya (SRPMB), terutama dalam hal daktilitas, kekuatan, dan kemampuan menyerap energi gempa. Dimensi dan penulangan elemen struktur yang direncanakan memenuhi persyaratan keamanan dan durabilitas sesuai standar yang berlaku. Oleh karena itu, rencana ini diharapkan dapat memberikan alternatif desain struktur yang lebih aman, lebih efisien, dan lebih memenuhi ketentuan regulasi. Kata kunci: SRPMM, Beban Gempa, Desain Struktur, Beton Bertulang, Respons Spektrum
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Muqsith, Anang Bakhtiar, Gilang Ramadan Kololikiye
STUDI ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN RUANG PARKIR DI PASAR BABAT KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Congestion at the research location arises from several interacting causes, including drivers who disregard traffic rules, the lack of on-site traffic officers, vehicles parked along the road edge, the absence of marked pedestrian crossings, and the mixing of different vehicle types on the same lane. On-street parking is one of the persistent problems within Indonesia's land transportation sector. As the largest traditional market in Lamongan Regency, Babat Market is expected to provide parking space sufficient for every visiting vehicle. Direct field observation, however, showed that the existing parking area could not accommodate the actual demand. This study was therefore carried out to design an alternative layout that sharpens parking markings and expands overall parking capacity. Calculated parking space requirements (KRP) at Babat Market, Lamongan Regency, are 642 m² for motorcycles, 2,277 m² for light vehicles, 427.9 m² for heavy vehicles, and 280.8 m² for non-motorized vehicles. Over the seven hours of observation, motorcycle parking volume peaked at 2,740 vehicles, while the 542 m² motorcycle area itself has a maximum capacity of 361 vehicles. Motorcycle parking accumulation reached its highest point at 121 vehicles on Sunday between 8:45 and 9:00 a.m. WIB, and turnover peaked at 6.7 vehicles per space across the seven-hour observation. Occupancy for motorcycles reached its maximum on Thursday at 119% between 1:00 and 1:15 p.m. WIB, while the longest average parking duration, 1.99 hours per vehicle, occurred on Wednesday within the same time window. As a solution to the shortfall, a second-floor parking extension is proposed for the Babat Market building.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adji Teggar Pangestu, Anang Bakhtiar, Gilang Ramadhan Kololikiye
STUDI PENINGKATAN RUAS JALAN ROBATAL – KETAPANG (STA 26+228-STA 36+228) KABUPATEN SAMPANG
The Robatal-Ketapang road section (STA 26+228-STA 36+228) in Sampang Regency functions as a Class III primary collector corridor supporting inter-district mobility and goods movement. Improvement is required because the existing carriageway width does not yet satisfy the expected service standard, pavement deterioration is present, and drainage performance remains inadequate at several locations. This study evaluates the 2044 design LHR, determines flexible-pavement layer thickness using the Bina Marga 2024 method, sizes drainage channels for the design flood discharge, and estimates the Cost Budget Plan (RAB). The analysis uses LHR records for 2022-2024, DCP/CBR measurements, maximum rainfall at Robatal Station for 2015-2024, road geometry, DEMNAS-based topography, and unit-price data. The calculation produced a 2044 design LHR of 2,911 vehicles/day with a total of 7,196.33 light-vehicle units. CESA5 was 486,919.73 ESA5 and the subgrade CBR was 2.05%. The proposed pavement comprises 50 mm AC-WC, 60 mm AC-BC, 400 mm Class A LPA, and 175 mm subgrade improvement. The highest design discharges were 2.54 m3/s in segment G2-H2 and 2.21 m3/s in segment L1-M1. After 11% VAT and rounding, the total RAB is IDR 90,275,097,000.00. Accordingly, road widening, pavement strengthening, and drainage improvement should be implemented as an integrated package to improve road performance and limit deterioration associated with surface-water inundation.
Copyright (c) 2026 DEDI CANDRA, Anang Bakhtiar, Ita Suhermin Ingsih
STUDI PERENCANAAN TEMPAT PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH TERPADU DI DESA JELGUNG KECAMATAN ROBATAL KABUPATEN SAMPANG
The increase in population and socio-economic activities in Jelgung Village, Robatal District, Sampang Regency, has caused the daily waste generation to continue increasing, while the existing waste management system is still dominated by uncontrolled disposal, burning, and disposal into open areas or rivers. This study aims to analyze the projected waste generation, determine the capacity and mass balance of the Integrated Waste Processing Facility (TPST), design the physical layout of the facility, and calculate the construction cost budget plan. The study used a quantitative technical planning approach based on SNI 19-3964-1994, SNI 19-3983-1995, SNI 19-2454- 2002, and related waste management guidelines. Data were obtained through field observation, waste sampling for eight consecutive days, measurement of composition and density, population projection, calculation of processing capacity, physical design planning, unit price analysis, and RAB calculation. The results show that the projected waste generation in 2029 is 24.972 m3/day or 6,302.4 kg/day. The waste composition is dominated by organic waste, with 62% of the total incoming material allocated to organic processing, 31% to recyclable inorganic waste, and 7% to residue. The planned TPST includes receiving, sorting, shredding, biodrying/composting, sieving, recyclable storage, residue storage, and supporting facilities. The biodrying process reduces the organic fraction from 15.482 m3/day to 10.063 m3/day and reduces weight from 3,907.5 kg/day to 2,735.3 kg/day. The total RAB including overhead, profit, and VAT is IDR 4,422,362,489. The proposed TPST is expected to reduce the burden on final disposal sites and provide a more integrated waste management solution at the village level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Alfarizi Karimawan Alamsyah, Anita Rahmawati, Aasniari Aasniari
EVALUASI KINERJA JALAN SULTAN HASANUDIN DEPAN PASAR WOLOWONA KABUPATEN ENDE,FLORES-NTT
Abstract The movement of vehicles from an origin to a destination every day is often disrupted by activities that flank the road. Market activities on the side of the road often cause disruptions in the form of side obstacles that directly impact road performance. In this study, a study of capacity (C), speed (V), degree of saturation (DJ) and side obstacles (HS) was conducted on Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin in front of Wolowona Market, Ende, Flores, NTT, using the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) 2023. The survey was conducted on Monday, Tuesday, Saturday and Sunday in one week. The parameters measured during the survey were the number of vehicles, travel time and side obstacles. The highest vehicle volume on Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin in front of Wolowona Market, Ende occurred during the morning and afternoon peak hours. The highest volume was recorded on Saturday at 09.00–10.00 WITA at 1,180.2 smp/hour, while on other days the peak volume was 1,088.8 smp/hour (Monday), 1,052.7 smp/hour (Tuesday), and 1,133.4 smp/hour (Sunday). The results of the road performance analysis show that the capacity (C) of Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin of 1,731.9 smp/hour is still able to serve the existing traffic volume (q) and the traffic volume (q) for the next 5 years. The existing degree of saturation (DJ) ranges from 0.608 to 0.681, while the degree of saturation (DJ) for the next five years is 0.824, still below the 0.85 limit stipulated in the 2023 PKJI. Recommended measures are not to increase road capacity (C), but rather to address traffic management and engineering, including enforcement of no parking and stopping signs, the development of dedicated market parking areas, and monitoring during peak hours. Keywords: Volume (q), capacity (C), speed (V), side barriers (HS). Abstrak Pergerakan kendaraan dari titik asal ke tujuan setiap harinya sering kali terganggu oleh aktivitas di sisi jalan. Aktivitas pasar di tepi jalan kerap menimbulkan gangguan berupa hambatan samping yang berdampak langsung pada kinerja jalan. Penelitian ini mengkaji kapasitas (C), kecepatan (V), derajat kejenuhan (DJ), dan hambatan samping (HS) di Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, tepatnya di depan Pasar Wolowona, Ende, Flores, NTT, dengan mengacu pada Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (PKJI) 2023. Survei dilaksanakan selama satu minggu, mencakup hari Senin, Selasa, Sabtu, dan Minggu. Parameter yang diukur meliputi jumlah kendaraan, waktu tempuh, dan hambatan samping. Volume kendaraan tertinggi di lokasi tersebut terjadi pada jam puncak pagi dan sore hari. Volume tertinggi tercatat pada hari Sabtu pukul 09.00–10.00 WITA sebesar 1.180,2 smp/jam, sedangkan pada hari-hari lainnya, volume puncak tercatat sebesar 1.088,8 smp/jam (Senin), 1.052,7 smp/jam (Selasa), dan 1.133,4 smp/jam (Minggu). Hasil analisis kinerja jalan menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas (C) Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin sebesar 1.731,9 smp/jam masih mampu mengakomodasi volume lalu lintas (q) saat ini maupun proyeksi volume lalu lintas untuk 5 tahun ke depan. Derajat kejenuhan (DJ) saat ini berkisar antara 0,608 hingga 0,681, sementara derajat kejenuhan (DJ) untuk lima tahun mendatang diproyeksikan sebesar 0,824; angka ini masih berada di bawah batas 0,85 yang ditetapkan dalam PKJI 2023. Langkah yang direkomendasikan bukanlah peningkatan kapasitas jalan (C), melainkan perbaikan manajemen dan rekayasa lalu lintas, yang meliputi penegakan aturan larangan parkir dan berhenti, penyediaan area parkir khusus pasar, serta pengawasan ketat selama jam-jam sibuk. Kata kunci: Volume (q), kapasitas (C), kecepatan (V), hambatan samping (HS).
Copyright (c) 2026 Sahrul Gunawan, Azizah Rokhmawati, Ita Suhermin Ingsih
PERENCANAAN BENDUNG PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKRO HIDRO PADA SUNGAI LEMBAH KEMUNING, DI PONDOK PESANTREN AN-NUR LEMBAH KEMUNING, DESA SUKOANYAR, KECAMATAN PAKIS, KABUPATEN MALANG
Abstract The increasing demand for electricity encourages the utilization of new and renewable energy resources, including hydropower through Micro Hydro Power Plants (MHP). The Lembah Kemuning River, located in the An-Nur Islamic Boarding School area, Sukoanyar Village, Pakis District, Malang Regency, has a steep topographic condition, a perennial river flow, and remnants of a former MHP water structure that may be reused. This study focuses on the civil engineering planning of a diversion weir and supporting water conveyance structures. Hydrological analysis uses ten years of annual maximum rainfall data from 2015 to 2024 obtained from the Abdulrachman Saleh Air Base rainfall station. Frequency analysis compares the Gumbel and Log Pearson Type III distributions using Smirnov-Kolmogorov and Chi-Square tests. The Gumbel distribution is selected because it satisfies both goodness-of-fit tests. Reliable discharge is estimated using the F.J. Mock method and Weibull probability, while the design flood is calculated using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method. The results indicate a Q80 reliable discharge of 0.34 m3/s and a 50-year design flood discharge of 34.50 m3/s. The proposed structure consists of a 0.40 m weir crest above the riverbed, 0.85 m retaining walls, a total span of 5.30 m, a 2.50 m intake/sluiceway, and a 0.50 m headrace channel with a bed slope of 0.004 and a design velocity of 1.28 m/s. With an observed natural head of approximately 2.8 m, a Vlugter-type stilling basin is proposed. Stability analysis gives a factor of safety against overturning of 2.97 and against sliding of approximately 2.78, indicating that the reviewed dimensions satisfy the adopted safety criteria. The study provides an initial engineering basis for rehabilitation and development of the MHP civil structures, while further geotechnical and electromechanical investigations remain necessary. Keywords: micro hydropower, diversion weir, hydrology, F.J. Mock, Nakayasu, reliable discharge, weir stability, Lembah Kemuning River.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Alfarisi Ashari, Eko Noerhayati, Ita Suhermin Ingsih