ANALISIS KINERJA HIDRAULIK PROTOTIPE PINTU AIR IRIGASI OTOMATIS BERBASIS ENERGI SURYA DENGAN KENDALI IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) STUDI KASUS DESA SUKOANYAR, KECAMATAN PAKIS, KABUPATEN MALANG

Abstract

                                                 ABSTRAK

Meningkatnya kebutuhan air irigasi menuntut tersedianya sistem distribusi yang mampu bekerja secara lebih efektif, efisien, dan adaptif terhadap kondisi lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja hidraulik prototipe pintu air irigasi otomatis yang memanfaatkan energi surya sebagai sumber daya dan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) sebagai sistem kendali di Desa Sukoanyar, Kecamatan Pakis, Kabupaten Malang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran langsung pada variasi bukaan pintu sebesar 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, dan 10 cm. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi debit aliran, kecepatan aliran, tinggi muka air, serta koefisien debit. Selain itu, efektivitas sistem juga dikaji melalui perbandingan waktu respons antara sistem otomatis dan manual serta penyebaran kuesioner kepada petani, teknisi, dan perencana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar bukaan pintu, maka debit dan kecepatan aliran cenderung meningkat. Nilai debit terbesar diperoleh pada variasi bukaan 10 cm. Pengujian terhadap sistem kendali memperlihatkan bahwa pintu air berbasis IoT mampu memberikan pengoperasian yang lebih efisien dibandingkan sistem konvensional karena proses pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara otomatis dan waktu nyata (real-time). Pemanfaatan panel surya sebagai sumber energi juga mendukung keberlangsungan operasi sistem tanpa bergantung sepenuhnya pada jaringan listrik konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, mayoritas responden memberikan penilaian positif terhadap kemudahan pengoperasian, peningkatan efisiensi distribusi air, serta peluang penerapan teknologi ini pada sistem irigasi modern.

Kata kunci: irigasi otomatis, debit, kinerja hidraulik, Internet of Things (IoT), pintu air, energi surya.

ABSTRACT

Increasing irrigation water demand encourages the development of distribution systems that are more efficient, effective, and adaptive to changing field conditions. This study aims to evaluate the hydraulic performance of an automatic irrigation gate prototype that utilizes solar energy as a power source and Internet of Things (IoT) technology as a control system in Sukoanyar Village, Pakis District, Malang Regency. Data collection was carried out through direct measurements at gate opening variations of 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm. The parameters analyzed included flow discharge, flow velocity, water surface elevation, and discharge coefficient. In addition, system effectiveness was also assessed by comparing the response time between the automatic and manual systems, as well as by distributing questionnaires to farmers, technicians, and planners. The results show that as the gate opening increases, the discharge and flow velocity tend to increase as well. The largest discharge value was obtained at the 10 cm opening variation. Testing of the control system showed that the IoT-based water gate was able to provide more efficient operation compared to the conventional system, since the control process could be carried out automatically and in real time. The use of solar panels as an energy source also supports the sustainability of system operation without being fully dependent on the conventional electrical grid. Based on the questionnaire results, the majority of respondents gave positive assessments regarding the ease of operation, the improvement in water distribution efficiency, and the potential for applying this technology in modern irrigation systems.

Keywords: solar energy, hydraulics, Internet of Things (IoT), automatic irrigation, discharge coefficient, water gate