JIMR - Journal of Islamic Medicine Research
e-ISSN : 2580 927X P-ISSN : 2598 2974 Journal of Islamic Medicine Research contains information on the results of research activities, conceptual thinking and review of the field of medical science and medicine. This scientific journal is published by the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Malang. This journal is published with the frequency of 2 times a year, ie in June and December. The editorial receives the writings of scientific research, both in the form of research and empirical research in fields related to health sciences and or medicine. Editor can abbreviate and improve the writing to be published without changing the intent and content after going through a blind review process undertaken by a specially designated team to conduct a review of the feasibility of the publication of this research paper. The manuscripts sent by the editors shall be authentic and not being considered for publication by other journals or publishers.
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In Silico Studies on Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) Leaves Ethanol Extract Bioactive Ligands compared to Acarbose toward ?-glucosidase Enzyme
ABSTRACT Introduction : Diabetes mellitus has been widely concerned in human health. Diabetes mellitus has a huge amount of sufferers. Carbohydrate diet, which is needed for energy supply, contributes to uncontrolled postprandial blood glucose which worsens diabetes mellitus. ?-glucosidase is an enzyme that had been targeted to modify oligosaccharides, to decrease postprandial blood glucose. This study aims to predict the ability of the active compound contained in Z. mauritiana leaves to inhibit ?-glucosidase protein through an in silico study. Methods : Identified local Z. mauritiana leaves simplicial were extracted with 96% p.a ethanol solvent. The extract then analyzed with LCMS to confirm 6 active compound in the extract. Confirmed active compounds then undergo docking procedure, by downloading active compounds and acarbose molecular structure via PubChem, then converted to be 3D structure in pdb format by Pymol. Protein target ?-glucosidase molecular structure were obtained from Uniprot, and 3D structure built by Swissmodel. Docking process held by Pyrex by AutoDock Vina. Protein interaction ligands were visualized by Biovia Discovery Studio. Results : LCMS analysis revealed that there are apigenin, quercetin, routine, kaempferol, isovitexin and quercetin-3-rhamnoside in the extract. Molecular docking analysis explained that rutin has higher binding affinity than acarbose as the control. Rutin shared the same hydrogen bonding with acarbose in Arg 275 and Val 544. Conclusion : In conclusion, Z. mauritiana have potential as ?-glucosidase inhibitor. KEYWORDS : Ziziphus mauritiana ethanol extract Active Compound, Acarbose, in silico, ?-glucosidase
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In vitro Exploration of Vasodilation Activity of the Methanol Extract of the Coptosapelta flavescens Korth stem
ABSTRACT Introduction: Coptosapelta flavescens Korth is a liana plant of the Rubiaceae genus. In East Kalimantan it is known as Akar Tambolekar or Merung. Its stem is ethnobotanically used as herbs to treat high blood pressure but it has not been scientifically proven yet. Method: This study aims to prove the activity of Coptosapelta flavescens stem (BCF) extract as an antihypertensive by using a blood vessels isolated organ model through the action mechanism as a vasodilator. BCF was taken from Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The extraction was macerated using methanol solvent, then concentrated using a vacuum rotavapour at the temperature of 50ºC. Vasodilator activity was tested using a 3 mm long rat aorta isolated organ with endothel put into Kreb’s Henselheit solution at 37°C, pH 7.4 and fed by carbogen gas. The aorta is contracted using a phenylephrine solution, after the contraction reached its peak and plateaued, the extract solution or the extract’s solvent solution (as control) was added cumulatively and the aortic tone activity was observed. The results were expressed in percent of aortic contractility. Results: The results showed that BCF extract caused an increase in the reduction of aortic contractility percentage as extract concentration increase. Conclusion: This proves that BCF’s methanol extract can cause vasodilation in blood vessels with endothelium. Keyword: Coptosapelta flavescens, antihypertensive, extract, isolated aorta, vasodilator
EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT GENDOLA LEAF LEAF (Basella alba L.) ON DECREASING BLOOD GLUCOSE CONDITION AND HISTOPATOLOGY PANKREAS WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus) INDICATED STREPTOZOTOCIN
This study aims to examine the content of secondary metabolites in red gendola leaf ethanol extract, the effect of ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola on decreasing in blood glucose levels, the effect of graded doses to decrease blood glucose levels and show illustration histopathology pancreas of the rats induced diabetes mellitus streptozotocin. The research was a laboratory experiment using a modified posttest study design randomized controlled groups design. A total of 24 rats were divided into six groups, each group consisted of four rats with details of group I, II, and III as a control group, and groups IV, V, and VI as the experimental group. Group I: normal control given CMC Na 0,5%; Group II: negative controls were given CMC Na 0,5% and streptozotocin induced 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally rats; Group III: positive controls were given a dose of glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg and streptozotocin induced 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally rats; each experimental group was given ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and streptozotocin induced 40 mg/kg of rat intraperitoneally.The results show that: there are secondary metabolites in red gendola leaf ethanol extract namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenols ; the ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola at a dose of 100 mg/kg effective in lowering blood glucose levels in male rats and at a dose of 400 mg / kg effective in regenerating pancreatic tissue; ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg did not give full effect to the decrease in blood glucose levels in male rats and ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola at doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg did not give full effect to the regeneration of pancreatic tissue streptozotocin-induced rats induced streptozotocin. Keywords: Streptozotocin, gendola red (Basella alba L.), blood glucose levels, histopathology pancreas.
Antibacterial potential of four herbal plants (Syzygium cumini, Piper ornatum, Anredera cordifolia, and Alpinia galangan) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT Introduction: The lack of new antibiotics and the increasing rate of resistance on pathogens requires the discovery of bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity. Using etnopharmacology knowledge, several Indonesian herbs, in particular Juwet (Syzygium cumini), Sirih merah (Piper ornatum), Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) and Laos (Alpinia galangan) had been shown possess wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities. It was postulated that these plants would also have antibacterial activity. Method: This study aims to assess the potential for antibacterial activity of these plants, in which decoctation, methanolic and choloroform extraction was used against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli growth by measuring and comparing zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: All plants tested had some activity against S. aureus, but none were found to be active against E. coli. Furthermore, various extraction methods of S. cumini and A. galangan had antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a ZOI of 10 – 15 mm and 12 – 25 mm, respectively, with increased antibacterial activity found in non-polar extracts. Methanolic extract of S. cumini acts as a bactericidal at 0.391 mg/ml, whilst other extracts had a bactericidal activity at 6.25 mg/ml. Conclusion: From four plants tested, methanolic extracts of S. cumini and A. galangan has medium to strong antibacterial activity against clinical S. aureus strains. Keywords: Juwet, Sirih Merah, Binahong, Laos, Antibacterial, Antibiotic
CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII PROTECTED HEPATOCYTES AND CORRECTED SERUM UREA AND URIC ACID LEVEL IN DIABETIC RATS.
Abstract Background. Hyperglycemia was reported to harm liver and induce metabolic inbalance. The tree bark of Cinnamomum burmannii (C. burmanii) was potential as anti-hiperglycemic agent. The bark was rich with secondary metabolites that may lead to possess other advantages for diabetes. Objectives. To study the effect of aqueos extract of C.burmannii (AEC) on liver and metabolic condition by measuring necrotic hepatocytes, serum urea and uric acid levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats (AIDRs). Methods. Three groups of fasted rats (free allowed to water) were intraperitoneally injected with 150 mg/Kg BW in 1 ml normal saline 6 hours prior to intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml 10% glucose to induce AIDRs, the animals were allowed to 5% glucose solution for 24 hours afterward. The AIDRs were treated with 0.5 ml, 1ml, and 2 ml of AEC respectively for 2 weeks. Hematoxyline-Eosine-stained liver slices were observed for necrotic hepatocytes by light microscope. Serum urea and uric acid levels were measured by Glutamate dehydrogenase and Uricase-PAP methods respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by LSD test, p values of < 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results. The given doses of AEC lowered urea and uric acid serum levels of AIDRs (p = 0.000) which approximated to the non diabetic rats’s serum levels (p > 0.05). Except the smallest dose, the remaining doses of AEC reduced necrotic hepatocytes number in AIDRs (p = 0.000). Conclusion. Aqueos extract of C.burmannii protected hepatocytes and corrected serum urea and uric acid levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Keywords: Cinnamomum burmanii; diabetes; necrotic hepatocytes; serum urea: serum uric acid.
The growth rate of S. aureus when treated with Azithromycin alone and combined with Syzygium cumini decoctation
ABSTRACT Introductiom: Resistance to antibiotics is the result of adaptive and spontaneous mutations, which can be suppressed by use of combinatory antibiotics. Synergistic effects between certain plants in combination with antibiotics is known, yet the mutation frequency of such combinations is still unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to measure the spontaneous mutational frequency of S. aureus for Azithromycin (AZM) resistance alone and in combination with Syzygium cumini decocta (SCD), known for its antimutagenic effect. Method: This study uses fluctuation analysis with 39 replicate cultures in selective media using AZM alone, SCD alone, and AZM combined with SCD at 1x MIC and analysing resistant strains based on its log phase delay in liquid media in a 24-hour period. AZM and SCD showed antibiotic activity against S. aureus. Results: Time-point growth comparison showed two cultures in AZM selective medium with no delayed log phase between S. aureus in non-selective medium and absorbance >1.0 after 24 hours, indicating resistance to AZM. Conclusion: Increased growth suppression was observed in combination between AZM combined with SCD, compared to AZM and SCD alone. The spontaneous mutation frequency of S. aureus against AZM was 0.182, while both SCD and AZM combined with SCD had zero mutational events for antibiotic resistance. Keywords:Antibiotic Resistance, Combinatorial Antibiotic Therapy (CAT), Mutation frequency, Syzygium cumini.
Water Soluble Polysaccharide Yellow Bentul (Colocasia Esculenta Schott [L]) As a Candidate for Antidiabetic Agent
ABSTRACT Introduction: Yellow bentul tuber is one of tuber plant species which have bioactive compound of Water Soluble Polysaccharide (WSP) and potentially healthy nutrition in the therapy of metabolic syndrome disease. The purpose of this research is to prove the ability of WSP isolate to reduce blood glucose level in white mice. Methods: The yield determination of yellow bentul tube flour, yield of WSP isolates yellow bentul tuber using enzymatic method, WSP identification using HPLC with Aminex HPX-87C BIORAD5 columns, and antidiabetic activity test using white mices. Test activity was performed in six treatment groups (Normal, Induction STZ 20 mg/ kgBW, Induction STZ 20 mg / kgBW + metformin 195mg / KgBW, three treatment with STZ induction 20 mg/ kgBW and WSP isolate with concentration 200, 400, and 600mg / kgBB). Determination of blood glucose levels using glucometer and supported by observation of histologic improvement of beta pancreatic cells in white mice that have necrosis. Result: The yield of yellow bentul flour was 14%. Yield WSP isolates of yellow bentul was 4.18%. WSP levels obtained 96.91%. Blood glucose level induced by STZ 20mg/ kgBW mice decreased glucose level at 400mg/ kgBW dose in the second week and histologic improvement of beta pancreatic cells that has the most optimal necrosis at a WSP dose of 200 mg/ kgBW. Conclusion: Isolate of Water Soluble Polysaccharide of yellow bentul potentially lower blood sugar level. Kata Kunci:, Water-soluble Polysaccharides, yellow bentul tuber, antidiabetic
A Rare Case: Intussusception In A 8½ -Month-Old-Girl With Intestinal Tuberculosis
ABSTRACT Backgrounds Intestinal TB can be dif?cult to diagnose due to absence of a particular pattern of symptoms and signs. Definitive diagnosis is based primarily upon histology, Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli, and culture.Intussusceptions associated with intestinal TB has been poorly documented in children. Case MA, 8 ½ -month-old girl, weighing 8.4 kg complaining of repetitive vomiting, no flatus and defecation followed by abdominal distention, a solid palpaple mass and increasing of the bowel sounds. Abdominal X-ray showed stepladder signs, edematous intestinal mucosa, no gas distributed in the pelvic area. Abdominal USG revealed a sausage and doughnut signs. An open exploratory laparotomy showed intussusceptions along the ileocaecal region with multiple bands as the lead point. Resection and ileostomy was performed. The pathological ileum sample was revealed a caseosa TB process. The chest Xray showed specific process. The TB score was 6. The patient then administered antituberculosis drug regimen. Conclusion A rare case of intestinal tuberculosis has been successfully diagnosed. In this endemic country of TB, it should be also suspected in patients with intussusception. Keyword : intussusception, intestinal tuberculosis
Correlation between LL-37 Levels and Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) in Atopic Dermatitis in dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang
ABSTRACT Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recidive inflammatory skin disease that is associated with hyper-reactivity of the immune response to environmental allergens. LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies conducted to find out LL-37 expression on the skin of patients showed varying and contradictory results. Studies aimed to find out the association of LL-37 levels in circulation with AD degree of severity are still very limited. The aim of this study are to determine the relationship between serum LL-37 levels and Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score and to determine the relationship between serum LL-37 levels and the severity of atopic dermatitis. Method: This study is analytic observational cross sectional study. The subjects are 30 patients with AD who came to Outpatient Care for Dermatovenereology and Outpatient Care for Pediatric Allergy in dr.Saiful Anwar General Hospital (RSSA) Malang and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects are grouped into 2 groups based on AD severity, i.e. mild and moderate-severe based on SCORAD index. The measured variable is serum LL-37 levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: The mean serum LL-37 levels are 12.4±6.7 ng/ml for mild degree AD and 9.4±6.06 ng/ml for moderate/severe degree AD. Statistical analysis using Pearson parametric statistic test shows no significant correlation (p> 0.05) between serum LL-37 levels and SCORAD score in patients with AD. Serum levels of LL-37 in this study are lower than the normal score in circulation. Conclusions: LL-37 serum levels in AD do not experience an increase and is not related to SCORAD score. Keywords: Atopic Dermatitis, LL-37, SCORAD
An Infantile Low Grade Fibromyxosarcoma Of The Neck: A Rare Case
ABSTRACT Background: Fibrosarcoma is a mesenchymal tumor of adult and pediatric age groups representing 10 to 12% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Infantile fibrosarcoma is an uncommon tumor of childhood. It represents less than 1% of all childhood cancers but is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in those under 1 year of age. The tumor may be observed at birth, in infancy or in childhood, and has been called congenital or infantile fibrosarcoma. Fibrosarcoma is one of the types of non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRTS) that accounts for 3% of all childhood malignancies. Only 5% of all primary malignant tumors in children arise in the head and neck. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare case of infantile low grade fibromyxosarcomaand the choice of diagnostic radiology modalities. Case: A 2-month-old boy with the rare case of an infantile low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS). The tumor arose in the paravertebral region of his left posterolateral neck. There is no infiltration to the intracranial or vertebral canal. A review of the literature indicates that this is one of the youngest patients diagnosed with a tumor of this type, and had never been reported as LGFMS. Conclusion: A rare case of infantile low grade fibromyxosarcoma had been reported. Based on the history, physical examination, laboratory examination, and radiologic imaging, the diagnosis of infantile low grade fibromyxosarcoma was established. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the best modality overall for examining soft-tissue masses and is useful in providing information about the local extent, lesion size, and involvement of the neurovascular structures. Keywords:Fibromyxoid, sarcoma, childhood, radiology