Correlation between LL-37 Levels and Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) in Atopic Dermatitis in dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recidive inflammatory skin disease that is associated with hyper-reactivity of the immune response to environmental allergens. LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies conducted to find out LL-37 expression on the skin of patients showed varying and contradictory results. Studies aimed to find out the association of LL-37 levels in circulation with AD degree of severity are still very limited. The aim of this study are to determine the relationship between serum LL-37 levels and Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score and to determine the relationship between serum LL-37 levels and the severity of atopic dermatitis.
Method: This study is analytic observational cross sectional study. The subjects are 30 patients with AD who came to Outpatient Care for Dermatovenereology and Outpatient Care for Pediatric Allergy in dr.Saiful Anwar General Hospital (RSSA) Malang and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects are grouped into 2 groups based on AD severity, i.e. mild and moderate-severe based on SCORAD index. The measured variable is serum LL-37 levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Results: The mean serum LL-37 levels are 12.4±6.7 ng/ml for mild degree AD and 9.4±6.06 ng/ml for moderate/severe degree AD. Statistical analysis using Pearson parametric statistic test shows no significant correlation (p> 0.05) between serum LL-37 levels and SCORAD score in patients with AD. Serum levels of LL-37 in this study are lower than the normal score in circulation.
Conclusions: LL-37 serum levels in AD do not experience an increase and is not related to SCORAD score.
Keywords: Atopic Dermatitis, LL-37, SCORAD
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bieber T, 2008. Atopic Dermatitis. New England Journal of Medicine. 358(14): 1483-1494
Kelompok Studi Dermatologi Anak Indonesia. 2014. Panduan Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Dermatitis Atopik di Indonesia. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kulit dan Kelamin Indonesia, hal.1-11
Da Veiga SP, 2012. Epidemiology of Atopic Dermatitis : a Review. Allergy Asthma Proceedings, 33:227-234.
Flohr C, Mann J, 2014. New Insights into The Epidemiology of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis. Allergy ; 69: 3-16
Leung DYM, Eichenfield LF, Boguniewics M 2012. Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema), in Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K (eds) Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 8th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA
Leung DYM, Boguniewicz M, Howell MD, Nomura I, Hamid QA, 2004. New Insights into Atopic Dermatitis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 113(5): 651-657
Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ, .Little Peptide, Big Effects : The Role of LL-37 in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease. Journal of Immunology, 191: 4895-4901
Dürr UHN, Sudheendra US, Ramamoorthy A, 2006. LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1758: (1410-1425)
Schmitt J, Langan S, Deckert S, Svensson A, Kobyletzki L, Thomas K,et al, 2013. Assesment of clinical signs of atopic dermatitis : A systematic review and recommendation. Journal of AllergyandClinical Immunology. 132(6): 1337-1347
Celakovska J, Bukac J, 2013. Scorad Reflect The Duration of Atopic Dermatitis Lesions. Indian Journal of Dermatology; 58(3): 247
Dahlan MS 2012. Besar Sampel dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel dalam Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Edisi 3, CV Sagung Seto, Jakarta : 89-90
Silverberg JI, Haniffin JM, 2013. Adult Eczema Prevalence and Associations with Asthma and Other Health and Demographic Factors: A US Population-Based Study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 132(5): 1132-38
Carson CG, 2013. Risk Factors of Developing Atopic Dermatitis. Danish Medical Journal. 60(7): B4687
Odhiambo JA, William HC, Clayton TO, Robertsen CF, Asher MI, 2009. Global Variations in Prevalence of Eczema Symptoms in Children from ISAAC Phase Three. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 124;6:1251-58
Willemsen MG, Van Valburg RWC, Dirven-Meijer PC, Oranje AP, van der Wouden JC, Moed H. Determining The Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Children Presenting in General Practice: an Easy and Fast Method. Dermatology Research and Practice. Diakses dari http://www.hindawi.com/journals/drp/2009/357046 pada tanggal 7 Oktober 2015
Sastroasmoro S, dan Ismael S, 2012. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. CV.Sagung Seto, Jakarta : 311
Novak N, Bieber T ,2008. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, in Reitamo S, Luger TA, Steinhoff M (Eds), Textbook of Atopic Dermatitis. Informa Healthcare.3: 24-66
Ahmed I, Nasreen S. Frequency of Raised Serum IgE Level in Childhood Atopic Dermatitis, 2007. Journal of Pakistan Medicine Association ; 57(9): 431-434
Ott H, Stanzel S, Ocklenberg C, Merk HF, Baron JM, Lehmann S, 2009. Total Serum IgE as a Parameter to Differentiate Between Intrinsic and Extrisic Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Acta Dermatology and Venereology ; 89: 257-61
Simon D, Brathen LR, Simon HU, 2004. Eosinophils and Atopic Dermatitis. Allergy 59:561-570
Jenerowicz D, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Silny W, 2007. Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia in Atopic Dermatitis. Acta Dermatovenereology APA;16(2): 47-52
Goo J, Ji JH, Jeon H, Kim MJ, Jeon SY, Cho MY,et al, 2010. Expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37 and hBD-2 in nonlesional skin of atopic individuals. Pediatric dermatology. 27(4): 341-348
Mallbris L, Carle L, Wei T, Heilborn J, Nilsson MF, Granath F, Stahle M, 2010. Injury Downregulates The Expression Of Human Cathelicidin Protein hCAP18/LL-37 in Atopic Dermatitis. Experimental Dermatology, 19: 442-449
Ballardini N, Johansson C, Lilja G, Lindh M, Scheynius, Agerberth B, 2009. Enhanced expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in lesional skin of adults with atopic eczema. British Journal of Dermatology,161:40-47
Leung TF, Ching KW, Song APS, Wong GWK, Chan JCN, Hon KL, 2012. Circulating LL-37 is a biomarker for eczema severity in children. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 26: 518-522
Boman HG, 2003. Antibacterial Peptides: Basic Facts and Emerging Concepts. Journal of Internal Medicine; 254 : 197-215
Linde A, Lushington GH, Abello J, Melgarejo T, 2013. Clinical relevance of cathelicidin in infectious disease. Journal ofClinical Cell Immunology. (Online) http://dx.doi.org /10.4172/2155-9899.S13-003 diakses pada tanggal 22 Oktober 2014
Aberg KM, Radek KA, Choi E, Kim D, Demerjian M, Hupe M, et al. 2007. Psychological Stress Downregulates Epidermal Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Increase Severity of Cutaneous Infections in Mice. The Journal of Clinical Investigation; 117(11): 3339-3349
Ramos R, Domingues L, Gama M, 2011. LL-37, a human antimicrobial peptide with immunomodulatory properties. Science against microbial pathogen: communicating current research and technological advances. P.915-925
Mendes-Samperio P, 2013. Recent advences in the field of antimicrobial peptides in inflammatory diseases. Advanced Biomedical Research, 2(Iss 2): 1-7
Lunblad R, 2003. Considerations for The Use of Blood Plasma and Serum Proteomic Analysis. The Internet Journal of Genomics and Proteomics 1(2). Diakses dari http://ispub.com/IJGP/1/2/3649 pada tanggal 30 Oktober 2015
Bacharier LB, Geha RS. Molecular Mechanisms of IgE Regulation, 2000. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; 105(2 part 2.): 547-58
Dhar S, Malakar R, Chattopadhyay S, Dhar S, Banerjee R, Ghosh A, 2005. Correlation of Severity of Atopic Dermatitis with Absolute Eosinophil Counts in Peripheral Blood and Serum IgE Levels. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, 71(Iss 4): 246-249
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Â