PERBEDAAN SISTEM PERKANDANGAN SAPI LAKTASI TERHADAP NILAI EKONOMIS PAKAN SAPI PERAH DI PUJON, KABUPATEN MALANG, JAWA TIMUR

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai ekonomis pakan sapi perah pada perbedaan sistem perkandangan di peternakan sapi perah yang bermitra dengan Koperasi Susu SAE Pujon, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2026 di peternakan sapi perah yang bermitra dengan Koperasi Susu SAE Pujon, dengan objek berupa kandang close house (kandang tertutup) dan open house (kandang terbuka) yang memelihara sapi perah pada masa laktasi ke-4. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pemilik kandang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus yang terdiri atas dua obyek penelitian, yaitu kandang close house dan kandang open house. Variabel yang diamati adalah biaya produksi susu per liter per hari dan Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat perbedaan antara penggunaan sistem kandang close house dan open house terhadap kinerja ekonomi peternakan sapi perah laktasi. Sistem close house mampu menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih terkontrol sehingga meningkatkan kenyamanan ternak dan meminimalkan stres panas (heat stress) yang sering terjadi pada sapi perah. Dampaknya, produktivitas susu sapi pada sistem close house mencapai rata-rata 22 liter/ekor/hari, jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan sistem open house yang hanya mencapai 13,50 liter/ekor/hari. Penggunaan teknologi kandang sebanding dengan peningkatan produksi dan harga jual susu yang mencapai Rp7.650 per liter. Biaya produksi susu per liter pada sistem close house sebesar Rp1.771, sedangkan pada open house sebesar Rp2.639. Nilai Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) mencapai Rp60.300/ekor/hari pada sistem close house, sedangkan pada sistem open house hanya sebesar Rp12.275/ekor/hari. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem perkandangan close house lebih efektif dan lebih ekonomis dalam penggunaan pakan pada usaha sapi perah laktasi dibandingkan sistem open house di peternakan sapi perah yang bermitra dengan Koperasi Susu SAE Pujon, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur, sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan manajemen pemeliharaan, terutama pada aspek ventilasi, sanitasi kandang, dan kenyamanan ternak agar produktivitas sapi perah pada kandang open house dapat ditingkatkan secara optimal.

Kata Kunci : Sapi perah, kandang open house, kandang close house, nilai ekonomis (IOFC).

THE DIFFERENCE OF LACTATING DAIRY COW HOUSING SYSTEMS ON THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF DAIRY CATTLE FEED IN PUJON, MALANG REGENCY, EAST JAVA

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the economic value of feed in dairy farming under different housing systems at dairy farms partnered with the SAE Dairy Cooperative in Pujon, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted in April 2026 at dairy farms collaborating with the SAE Dairy Cooperative, Pujon. The research materials consisted of dairy farms implementing two housing systems, namely the close-house (closed housing) and open-house (open housing) systems, with fourth-lactation dairy cows. Data were collected through interviews with farm owners. This study employed a case study approach involving two research objects: the close-house system and the open-house system. The observed variables included milk production cost per liter per day and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. The results showed differences in the economic performance of dairy farms using the close-house and open-house housing systems. The close-house system created a more controlled environment, thereby improving animal comfort and minimizing heat stress, which commonly affects dairy cattle. As a result, the average milk production under the close-house system reached 22.00 L/head/day, considerably higher than that of the open-house system, which averaged 13.50 L/head/day. The implementation of housing technology was associated with increased milk production and a higher milk selling price of IDR 7,650/L. Furthermore, the milk production cost under the close-house system was IDR 1,771/L, compared with IDR 2,639/L under the open-house system. The Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) reached IDR 60,300/head/day in the close-house system, whereas the open-house system generated only IDR 12,275/head/day. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the close-house housing system is more effective and economically efficient in feed utilization for lactating dairy cattle than the open-house system at dairy farms partnered with the SAE Dairy Cooperative in Pujon, Malang Regency, East Java. It is recommended that farmers improve herd management, particularly in terms of ventilation, housing sanitation, and animal comfort, to optimize dairy cow productivity under the open-house system.

Keywords: dairy cattle, open-house system, close-house system, economic value (IOFC).