PENGARUH SISTEM VENTILASI KANDANG TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI PULLET STRAIN LOHMANN DI KANDANG KOPERASI COMFEED MAKMUR

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak berbagai sistem sirkulasi udara di dalam kandang terhadap kualitas lingkungan mikro dan produktivitas ayam dara (pullet) galur Lohmann, sekaligus menentukan sistem mana yang paling unggul. Kegiatan riset dilaksanakan di Koperasi Comfeed Makmur, Jawa Timur, dengan subjek ayam pullet berusia 5 hingga 12 minggu. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah observasional kuantitatif dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang mencakup tiga perlakuan, yakni Sistem Ventilasi Terbuka (P1), Terowongan (P2), dan Kombinasi (P3), masing-masing diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Variabel yang diukur mencakup suhu, kelembaban relatif, laju aliran udara, kadar amonia (NH₃), bobot badan, keseragaman populasi, konsumsi pakan, rasio konversi pakan (FCR), serta angka kematian. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis ventilasi memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan (P<0,01) terhadap suhu, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, kadar amonia, dan FCR, serta berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap bobot badan. Sementara itu, variabel keseragaman, konsumsi pakan, dan mortalitas tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang berarti (P>0,05). Dari ketiga sistem, Ventilasi Kombinasi terbukti menghasilkan kondisi mikroklimat paling ideal, dengan rata-rata suhu 23,52°C, kelembaban 72,00%, kecepatan udara 1,80 m/detik, dan kadar amonia 4,11 ppm. Sistem ini juga menghasilkan bobot badan tertinggi (1.142,33 g/ekor) dan nilai FCR terbaik (3,03). Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ventilasi Kombinasi lebih efektif dalam menciptakan lingkungan kandang yang optimal sekaligus meningkatkan performa produksi ayam pullet Lohmann dibandingkan kedua sistem lainnya.
Kata Kunci : Ayam Pullet, Sistem Ventilasi, Mikroklimat, Penampilan Produksi, Lohmann.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HOUSING VENTILATION SYSTEMS ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF LOHMANN PULLETS AT COMFEED MAKMUR COOPERATIVE FARM

ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to assess the influence of various barn ventilation systems on both the microclimate conditions and the productive performance of Lohmann pullets, and to pinpoint the most efficient system. The study took place at the Comfeed Makmur Cooperative in East Java, involving pullets aged between 5 and 12 weeks. Employing a quantitative observational design, the study utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) featuring three treatment groups: Open Ventilation (P1), Tunnel Ventilation (P2), and Combination Ventilation (P3), each replicated three times. Parameters assessed included temperature, relative humidity, airspeed, ammonia (NH₃) levels, body weight, flock uniformity, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rate. Data processing was performed using ANOVA, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) post-hoc test at a 5% significance threshold. The findings revealed that the ventilation type had a highly significant impact (P < 0.01) on temperature, humidity, air velocity, ammonia concentration, and FCR, and a significant effect (P < 0.05) on body weight. In contrast, uniformity, feed consumption, and mortality rates were not statistically different across treatments (P > 0.05). Among the treatments, the Combination Ventilation system delivered the most favorable microclimate, recording an average temperature of 23.52°C, relative humidity of 72.00%, air velocity of 1.80 m/s, and ammonia level of 4.11 ppm. Furthermore, this system yielded the highest body weight (1,142.33 g/bird) and the most efficient FCR (3.03). Consequently, Combination Ventilation proved to be more effective than both Open and Tunnel systems in fostering an optimal barn environment and enhancing the overall production performance of Lohmann pullets.

Keywords: Lohmann pullets, housing ventilation system, microclimate, production performance..