KAJIAN KASUS RETENSI PLACENTA AKIBAT INFEKSI DAN FAKTOR PAKAN PADA SAPI PERAH (ARTICLE REVIEW)
Abstract
Retensi placenta adalah suatu penyakit yang terjadi akibat selaput fetus atau placenta yang tidak dapat melepaskan diri dari tubuh induk setelah partus melebihi batas normalnya. Secara fisiologik placenta akan dikeluarkan oleh tubuh dalam waktu 8-24 jam post partus. Penyebab terjadinya retensi placenta ini adalah penyakit organ reproduksi, infeksi organ reproduksi, manajemen pemeliharaan yang kurang baik, dan faktor pakan yang diberikan pada ternak. Ada beberapa faktor lain yang dapat menyebabkan retensi placenta diantaranya adalah umur, defisiensi hormon, musim, kematian fetus, kelahiran kembar, kelahiran prematur dan kelemahan induk. Infeksi yang terjadi pada organ reproduksi sapi dapat disebabkan oleh penyakit, penanganan partus yang kurang tepat dan abortus sehingga mikroorganisme mudah untuk masuk ke dalam organ reproduksi dan menyebabkan peradangan. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan terhabatnya pelepasan ikatan antara kotiledon dan karancula sehingga terjadi retensi placenta. Pakan yang diberikan pada saat sapi bunting harus dapat mencukup kebutuhan hidup ternak. Nutrisi yang terkandung dalam pakan yaitu vitamin, mineral energi dan protein sangat berguna pada masa pre partus. Masa ini adalah masa kritis perubahan hormonal, metabolisme dan kesehatan tubuh. Sehingga pada masa ini nutrisi yang diberikan harus cukup dan seimbang. Apabila terjadi defisiensi nutrisi pada masa ini maka akan dapat menurunkan kekebalan tubuh. Imun tubuh yang menurun dapat menyebabkan mikroorganisme mudah masuk dan menginfeksi saluran reproduksi yang berimbas pada kasus retensi placenta.
Kata Kunci : Retensi, Placenta, Infeksi, Pakan, Sapi Perah
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