Education plays a crucial role in shaping the skills and knowledge of the younger generation. In Indonesia, there are two major organizations overseeing Islamic education: Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. Both have educational methods and systems based on their respective theological and historical visions. This study aims to compare the methods and systems of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, and to examine their impact on the intellectual and moral development of students. Nahdlatul Ulama emphasizes the focus of pesantren education on the teaching of classical Islamic texts and the yellow book. The teaching method used in Nahdlatul Ulama is the traditional method with talaqqi, while the system emphasizes moral training and a deep understanding of Islam. On the other hand, Muhammadiyah employs a collaboration of modern education systems with a curriculum that integrates religious and general knowledge. The method used in Muhammadiyah tends to be more progressive, utilizing active and participatory teaching approaches. Muhammadiyah also operates various formal educational institutions, from primary to higher education, with an orientation towards achievement and character formation based on values. This study shows that despite their differences, both educational systems have successfully produced a generation of individuals with integrity and broad knowledge. This comparison is expected to provide an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of each Islamic education system and method, as well as their contribution to the formation of a religiously educated Indonesian society.

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