Pengaruh Aplikasi Elisitor dan Pengurangan Dosis NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi Varietas Inpari-32 (Oryza sativa L.) The Effect of Elicitor Application and NPK Dosage Reduction on the Growth and Yield of Rice Variety Inpari-32 (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

ABSTRACT 

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital food crop cultivated to produce rice grains. It serves as the primary staple food for a large portion of the world's population, particularly in Asia. Therefore, increasing rice production is essential to meet the food demands of society. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of rice plants through the application of elicitors and the optimal dosage of NPK fertilizer. The research was conducted in a greenhouse located in Tebelo Hamlet, Sidomulyo Village, Jabung District, Malang Regency, at an altitude of 540 meters above sea level (masl), from May to September 2024. The study utilized a simple Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of eight treatments: E0P0 (control with no fertilizer and no elicitor), E0P1 (100% NPK treatment without elicitor), E0P2 (50% NPK treatment without elicitor), E0P3 (25% NPK treatment without elicitor), E1P0 (elicitor application without NPK fertilization), E1P1 (100% NPK treatment with elicitor), E1P2 (50% NPK treatment with elicitor), and E1P3 (25% NPK treatment with elicitor), with each treatment replicated three times. The observed data were analyzed using the F-test at a 5% significance level (ANOVA), and if a significant effect was found, a follow-up Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level was performed. The observation parameters included plant height, number of stems, number of leaves, leaf area, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains, number of empty grains, panicle weight per hill, grain weight per hill, fresh straw weight, oven-dry weight, and grain moisture content. The results indicated that the application of elicitors combined with NPK fertilizer at 25%, 50%, and 100% dosages exerted a significant interaction effect on the growth and yield of rice plants, where the treatment involving elicitors with 100% NPK fertilizer (E1P1) produced the best growth and yield outcomes.

Keywords: Elicitor, NPK Fertilizer and Rice Plant

ABSTRAK

Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan penting yang dibudidayakan untuk menghasilkan beras. Padi menjadi makanan pokok bagi sebagian besar penduduk dunia, terutama di Asia, sehingga peningkatan produksinya sangat krusial guna memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi melalui aplikasi elisitor dan dosis pupuk NPK terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di greenhouse yang berlokasi di Dusun Tebelo, Desa Sidomulyo, Kecamatan Jabung, Kabupaten Malang, pada ketinggian tempat 540 mdpl dari bulan Mei hingga September 2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) sederhana dengan delapan perlakuan, yaitu E0P0 (tanpa pemupukan dan tanpa elisitor), E0P1 (100% NPK tanpa elisitor), E0P2 (50% NPK tanpa elisitor), E0P3 (25% NPK tanpa elisitor), E1P0 (tanpa pemupukan dengan elisitor), E1P1 (100% NPK dengan elisitor), E1P2 (50% NPK dengan elisitor), dan E1P3 (25% NPK dengan elisitor), yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan uji F taraf 5% (ANOVA), dan jika terdapat pengaruh nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) taraf 5%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah batang, jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai, jumlah malai, jumlah gabah per malai, jumlah gabah isi, jumlah gabah hampa, berat malai per rumpun, berat gabah per rumpun, berat segar jerami, berat kering oven, serta kadar air gabah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi elisitor yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk NPK dosis 25%, 50%, dan 100% memberikan pengaruh interaksi yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi, di mana penggunaan elisitor bersama pupuk NPK 100% (E1P1) merupakan perlakuan dengan hasil pertumbuhan dan produktivitas terbaik.

Kata kunci: Elisitor, Pupuk NPK dan Tanaman Padi